Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Before the discovery of the Mexican Gardener

Why did this never catch on? The 1950s was a time for an optimistic view of a better tomorrow. And what could make suburban life better than a futuristic air conditioned lawn mower. On Oct. 14, 1957, the future of lawn mowing took a new turn with the addition of a beautiful air conditioned bubble; the rider could cut the lawn while looking like a creature in some sort of futuristic zoo while riding in a clear five foot sphere. Not only was this appliance air conditioned, but it also had an electrical generator that powered such life necessities as a radio telephone and a chilled drink dispenser.


Monday, July 22, 2019

Characters of the Mahabharata: Glossary of Names (P to Y)


Names of Characters That Begin with 'P'
Panchali: Draupadi, Queen of the Pandavas, daughter of King Drupada.
Panchalya: Son of king Drupada who died in the war.
Pandavas: The descendents of King Pandu.
Pandu: Second son of Vichitravirya and Ambalika who succeeded to the throne of Hastinapura on his father's death, as his elder brother Dhritarashtra was born blind, father of the Pandavas.
Parasara: A great sage, father of Veda Vyasa.
Parasurama: An incarnation of Sri Krishna; fifth son of sage Jamadagni and Renuka.
Paravasu: Son of Raibhva and elder brother of Arvavasu whose wife was violated by Yavakrida, who was killed with a spear for his sin.
Parikshit: Son of Abhimanyu by his wife Uttara; grandson of Arjuna and father of Janamejaya. Succeeded Yudhishthira on the throne, and the ‘Shrimad Bhagavatam’ was narrated to him by Shukdeva Goswami just before Parikshit was killed by the curse of a snake bite.
Parjanya: The god of clouds and rain. Also known as Indra.
Parnada: The Brahman who, for Damayanti, discovered where Nala was hiding.
Partha: Arjuna.
Parvata: A sage who was the nephew of sage Narada.
Parvati: Consort of Shiva. Rukmini prayed to her for saving her from the cruel Sisupala king of Chedi, as she had set her heart on marrying Krishna.
Paurava: A descendant of Puru of the Lunar race.
Paushya: A king whose wife gave her earrings as a gift to the sage Uttanka.
Phalguna: Arjuna.
Pishacha: A fiend, evil spirit.
Pitamaha: Bhishma, literal meaning grandfather.
Prabhasa: The Vasu who seized Vasishtha's divine cow.
Pradyumna: Sri Krishna's son.
Prahlada: Devotee of Lord Vishnu who in his Narasimha incarnation saved him from death by his demon father Hiranyakashipu. He later became an enlightened king.
Prasenjit: Father of Renuka, wife of sage Jamadagni.
Pratardhana: Son of Divodasa, king of Kashi, and a mighty warrior.
Pratikhami: Duryodhana's charioteer.
Pratipa: A king of the Lunar dynasty and father of King Shantanu.
Pratusha: Son born to Dharmadeva of his wife Prabhata. He is one of the Vasus – the god of light.
Pritha: Mother of Karna; Kunti before her marriage.
Purushottama: Sri Krishna, means the Supreme Being.
Pundarikaksha: Krishna, the lotus-eyed one.
Purochana: An architect who built a beautiful wax palace named ‘Sivam’ in Varanavata.
Puru: Sixth king of the Lunar race, youngest son of Yayati and Sharmishtha. His descendants were the Pauravas from which came the Kauravas and Pandavas.
Purumitra: One of the eleven valiant son of Dhritarashtra, a Kaurava warrior.
Purvachitti: A celebrated celestial maiden and dancer.
Pushkara: An evil brother of King Nala.

Names of Characters That Begin with 'R'
Radheya: Son of Radha, ie, Karna, who as a foundling was brought up as a son by Radha, the wife of the charioteer Adhiratha.
Raibhya: A sage whose hermitage on the banks of the Ganga was visited by the Pandavas during their wanderings. Bharata, son of Dasaratha bathed in this ghat; Indra was cleansed of his sin of killing Vritra unfairly by bathing here; Sanatkumar became one with God; Aditi, mother of the gods, prayed here to be blessed with a son.
Rakshasa: Demon or a fiend.
Rantideva: A pious and benevolent king of the Lunar race, sixth in descent from Bharata. He was rich, religious, and charitable.
Ravana: King of Lanka who abducted Sita, wife of Ramachandra.
Renuka: Daughter of King Prasenjit, wife of sage Jamadagni and mother of God’s incarnation Parasurama.
Ribhus: Son of Sudhanva, a descendent of sage Angiras. Spiritually advanced beings who live in the region of Lord Brahma.
Richika: A sage descended from Bhrigu and husband of Satyavati, son of Urva and father of Jamadagni.
Rishyasringa: Son of sage Vibhandaka who descended from sage Kashyapa; he grew up seeing no mortal except his father. He performed a sacrifice for King Dasharatha that effected Lord Rama’s birth.
Rituparna: A king of Ayodhya of the Ikshvaku dynasty.
Rohini: Daughter of Daksha and fourth of the lunar asterisms, the favorite wife of the moon.
Romapada: King of Anga, country that was once affected by a great drought.
Rudra: Shiva.
Rukma: Vidarbha’s heir apparent, defeated by Balarama and Krishna he set off to establish a new city Bhojakata ashamed to return to Kundinapura, the capital of Vidarbha.
Rukmini: Daughter of Bhishmaka, king of Vidarbha, and the first wife and chief queen of Lord Sri Krishna.
Rumanvan: The eldest of the five sons born to sage Jamadagni by his wife Renuka.

Names from Mahabharata Starting with 'S'
Saraswati
Saraswati: Lord Brahma’s wife. Also a river that rise from the Himalayas and ends in the sands of the desert, but in ancient times flowed on to the sea.
ExoticIndia/Wikimedia Commons

The Mahabharata is the world's longest epic and one of Hinduism's most popular and important scriptures. Here is a glossary of over 400 names from among the numerous characters found in the 100,000 verses and 18 chapters of the great epic poem written by sage Vyasa

Names of Characters That Begin with 'S'
Sachidevi: Wife of Indra, also known as Indrani, on whom Nahusha's evil eye fell.
Sagara: A king of Ayodhya of the Solar race and son of King Bahu.
Sahadeva: Youngest of the five Pandava brothers, son of Madri and fathered by one of the twin Ashwins (physicians of heaven).
Sahajanya: A heavenly nymph accomplished in dancing.
Saibya: A ruler friendly to the Pandavas.
Sairandhri: A female attendant employed in queen’s apartments.
Samvarta: Son of sage Angiras and Brihaspati's younger brother, a person of great learning.
​Samba: A Yadava youngster dressed as a woman who gave birth to a mace, as foretold by rishis.
Sanga: Son of Virata. When king Virata was wounded, he had to get into Sanga's chariot, having lost his chariot, horses, ​and charioteer.
Sanjaya: The narrator who tells blind Dhritarashtra the progress of the war from day to day as he was blessed with a divine vision.
Sarasana: One of the hundred Kaurava brothers who died in the war
Saraswati: Lord Brahma’s wife. Also a river that rise from the Himalayas and ends in the sands of the desert, but in ancient times flowed on to the sea.
Sarvabauma: A king of the Bharata dynasty; son of Viduratha and father of Jayatsena.
Sarvadamana: Bharata, the heroic son of Shakuntala.
Satanika: Virata's son whose head was severed by Drona.
Satyabhama: One of Sri Krishna’s wives, daughter of King Satrajit.
Satyajit: A Panchala prince, a hero who stood by Yudhishthira to prevent his being taken prisoner by Drona, while Arjuna was away answering a challenge by the Samsaptakas (the Trigartas).
Satyaki: A Yadava warrior, friend of Krishna and the Pandavas.
Satyavan: The virtuous husband of Savitri, who saved him from death.
Satyavati: Mother of Vyasa and wife of King Shantanu. She bore two sons, Chitrangada and Vichitravirya.
Satyavrata: A king of the Solar race descended from Ikshvaku; also known as Trishanku and was raised to heaven by sage Vishwamitra.
Saumadatti: Bhurishravas, the son of Somadatta.
Savitri: Daughter of King Ashwapati and Queen Malati, and wife of the pious Satyavan, whose life she saved by following Lord Yama, god of death.
Savyasachin: Arjuna, an ambidexter who could use his bow with the same skill with either hands.
Senajit: A king who was the son of King Vishvajit. He wrote a treatise on the duties of a king.
Shachi: Wife of Indra, king of gods.
Shaivya: A king of ancient India, and close friend of the sages Narada and Parvata. Another Shaivya was the grandson of King Ushinara, King Shivi’s father.
Shakuni: King of Gandhar, Duryodhana’s maternal uncle, Queen Ghandhari’s brother. He was a skillful gambler and a cheat who beguiled the Kaurava into playing dice and defeated the Pandavas and sent them to live in the forest for thirteen years of which the last year had to be in incognito.
Shakra: Indra.
Shakuntala: The abandoned daughter of Menaka and Vishwamitra. She was adopted and raised by sage Kanwa in a forest retreat.
Shala: Son of King Parikshit of the Ikshvaku dynasty. He refused to return two horses he had borrowed from sageVamadeva.
Shalihotra: An expert in the science of horses.
Shalwa: Friend of Sisupala, who besieged Dwaraka Sri Krishna's kingdom to avenge Sisupala's death at the latter's hand.
Shalya: Ruler of Madradesa and brother of Madri and uncle of the Pandavas who because of having received hospitality from Duryodhana went over to his side.
Shanta: King Lomapada’s daughter, who was married to Rishyashringa.
Shantanu: A king of the Lunar race, son of Pratipa. King of Hastinapur, father of Bhishma.
Sharmishtha: Daughter of King Vrishaparva, king of the Asuras. She became a maidservant of Damayanti as a consequence of offending her.
Sharyati: A king in the Ikshvaku line. His daughter Sukanya married the aged sage Chyavana.
Shiva: The god who destroys this world at the designated time.
Shivi: King of Ushinara and also the son of Ushinara, known for his charity and devotion.
Shri: Goddess Lakshmi.
Shrutasena: The younger brother of the serpent Takshaka.
Shukracharya: Son of sage Bhrigu and priest of Bali and the Daityas. His daughter Devayani married King Yayati of the Lunar race.
Shwetaki: A king who was greatly occupied with performing sacrifices.
Sikhandin: A girl turned man, warrior on the Pandavas side who restored order among scattered, subdued soldiers, Drupada's son.
Saindhava: Jayadratha.
Sini: Kinsman of the Kauravas, one of the suitors to Devaki’s hand.
Sisupala: King of Chedi, killed by Sri Krishna at the time of Dharmaputra's Rajasuya sacrifice.
Somadatta: A king of the Kuru dynasty and son of King Balhika. One of the suitors to Devaki's hand. A kinsman of the Kauravas.
Somaka: A son of Sahadeva, he was the king of Panchala and is known for sacrificing his son to obtain one hundred sons.
Stuna: A Yaksha who had mystic powers and lived in a forest mansion.
Subahu: King of Kulinda in the Himalayas, ally of the Kauravas.
Subhadra: Wife of Arjuna, sister of Sri Krishna and mother of Abhimanyu.
Sudakshina: A warrior on the Kaurava side.
Sudaman: He was a king of Dasharna.
Sudarsana: A warrior on the Kaurava army.
Sudeshna: Queen of King Virata whom Sairandhri (Draupadi) served.
Sugriva: Monkey-king, friend of Sri Rama, and brother of mighty Vali whom Sri Rama killed.
Sujata: Daughter of Sage Uddalaka and wife of Kagola, his disciple who had virtue and devotion but not much learning, mother of Ashtavakra.
Suka: A sage, son of Vyasa, who related the Srimad Bhagavata to King Parikshit, grandson of Arjuna.
Sukanya: Wife of recluse Chyavana. She was responsible for his regaining his youth from the Ashwins.
Sumitra: Abhimanyu's charioteer.
Sunda: A demon for whose destruction the heavenly nymph Tilottama was sent down from heaven to create friction between him and his brother Upasunda.
Surya: The sun god.
Susarma: King of Trigarta, a supporter of the Kauravas who backed the proposal to invade Matsya, Virata's country.
Sushena: Son of sage Jamadagni.
Sushobhana: A Manduka princess who became King Parikshit’s wife and bore him three sons.
Suvala: The king of Gandhara and father of Gandhari, Dhritarashtra’s wife.
Suvarna: A soldier on the Kaurava side.
Sri Rama: Ramachandra, heir apparent to Ayodhya’s throne, banished to the forest for fourteen years, killed Ravana the king of Lanka who abducted his wife, Sita.
Srinjayas: Pandava supporters.
Srutayu, Astutayu: Two brothers fighting on the Kaurava side attacked Arjuna but were killed.
Srutayudha: A Kaurava warrior whose mace hurled at Krishna rebounded, killing himself. It was a gift to his mother Parnasa from Varuna who specified that the mace hurled at one who is weaponless would rebound and kill the wielder.
Sveta: A son of King Virata who fell in the battle to Bhishma's arrow.
Names of Characters That Begin with 'T'
Takshaka: A serpent and son of Kadru, chief of snakes.
Tantripala: Sahadeva’s assumed name at Virata's court.
Tilottama: An apsara, heavenly nymph; she brought about the destruction of the two demons Sunda and Upasunda.
Turvasu: Son of King Yayati by Devayani.
Twashtri: The chief architect of the gods; also known as Vishwakarma.

Names from Mahabharata Starting with 'U'


Names of Characters That Begin with 'U'
Uddalaka: A great sage and teacher of Vedanta, another name of Aruni, a disciple of Ayodhya-dhaumya.
Umadevi: Wife of Shiva.
Upachitra: One of King Dhritarashtra's hundred sons who perished in the war.
Upamanyu: A dutiful disciple of the teacher Ayodha-daumya.
Uparichara: A Vasu or demigod who became the king of Chedi by Indra’s command. His daughter Satyavati gave birth to sage ​Vyasa.
Upasunda: A Daitya (demon), son of Nisunda and brother of Sunda.
Urvasi: An apsara, celestial nymph in Indra's court, whose amorous overtures Arjuna declined.
Ushinara: Another name of King Shivi.
Utanka: An ideal disciple of Veda, who was the disciple of Ayodha-daumya.

Names of Characters That Begin with 'V'
Vahuka: A disguised form of King Nala given by the Naga Karkotaka.
Vaisampayana: Chief disciple of sage Vyasa who revealed the epic for the benefit of humanity.
Vaishravana: The god of wealth.
Valala: Bhima’s assumed name when he worked as a cook at Virata's court.
Vali: Monkey-king, brother of Sugriva.
Vamadeva: An ancient hermit whose horses were borrowed by King Shala, who refused to return them and was killed by some titans.
Vamana: An incarnation of Sri Krishna in the form of a dwarf. He appeared in the Treta yuga from sage Kashyapa and his wife Aditi.
Vandi: Court poet of Mithila who on being defeated by Sage Ashtavakra in debate drowned himself in the ocean and went to the abode of Varuna.
Varshneya: King Nala’s charioteer who later became King Rituparna’s charioteer.
Varuna: The god of the oceans.
Vasishtha: A celebrated Vedic sage, mind-born son of Lord Brahma; he had cursed the eight Vasus to be born in the world of men as sons of Ganga and Santanu.
Vasudhana: A warrior who perished in the battle on the twelfth day.
Vasudeva: Sri Krishna, son of Vasudeva.
Vasumanas: A king of the dynasty of Ikshvaku descended from Haryashva and Madhavi.
Vasus: The gods of water, the pole-star, moon, earth, wind, fire, dawn, and light.
Vatapi: A demon consumed by the sage Agastya.
Vayu: The god of wind.
Vedavyasa: Vyasa, author of the Mahabharata.
Vibhandaka: Son of the great sage Kashyapa. He was a forest ascetic who fathered sage Rishyashringa.
Vichitravirya: Younger son of Santanu who succeeded King Chitrangada on the throne of Hastinapura. He had two sons, Dhritarashtra and Pandu.
Vidura: Son of sage Vyasa and a maidservant. He was a counselor to his brother King Dhritarashtra of Hastinapur.
Vikarna: One of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra who protested that staking of Draupadi was illegal as Yudhishthira himself was a slave and had lost all his rights.
Vinda, Anuvinda: Two brothers kings of Avanti on the Kaurava side, defeated by Yudhamanyu.
Virata: King of Matsya, where the Pandavas lived in disguise during the thirteenth year of their exile.
Viravahu: A king of the country of Chedi.
Vishoka: Bhima's charioteer.
Vishnu: One of the gods of the Hindu holy trinity who maintains and restores the Universe. He resides in Vaikuntha (the transcendental world) and in every atom of creation (material world). Lord Krishna is his incarnation.
Vishvamitra: A royal hermit of immense attainments. His father was King Gadhi of Kanyakubja.
Viswachi: A celestial nymph who sings and serves god Kuvera.
Viswakarma: The architect of the gods.
Viswavasu: A brother of the incarnation of God Parasurama.
Visvarupa: Twashta's son who became the preceptor of the gods, Brihaspati having left when insulted by Indra.
Vivimsati: A Kaurava hero.
Vriddhakshatra: King of the Sindhus, father of Jayadratha into whose lap his son Jayadratha's head was caused to fall by Arjuna.
Vrihadgarbha: The son of emperor Shivi.
Vrika: A Panchala prince who fell in the battle.
Vrisha, Achala: Sakuni's brothers.
Vrishaparva: Born from sage Kashyapa and his wife Danu, and he had a daughter named Sharmishtha.
Vrishnis, Kekayas: Tribals who were devoted to the Pandavas, who with Sri Krishna visited the Pandavas in their exile.
Vrishasena: A warrior on the Kaurava side.
Vritra: Demon of drought and uncongenial weather; son of Twashta who was defeated by Indra's weapons Vajrayudha. He was born out of his father's sacrificial flames and became Indra's mortal enemy.
Vrikodara: Bhima’ s name, meaning wolf-bellied, denoting slimness of waist and insatiable hunger.
Vyasa: Compiler of the Vedas, son of sage Parasara.

Names of Characters That Begin with 'Y'
Yadu: Son of King Yayati of the Lunar race, and founder of the line of the Yadavas in which Sri Krishna was born.
Yaksha: A class of demi-gods, subjects of Kubera, the god of wealth. Sometimes they appear as imps of evil.
Yama: God of death. Lord Dharma, whose son was Yudhishthira answered Yama’s questions correctly whereupon his dead brothers were brought back to life on the banks of the enchanted pool.
Yavakrida: Son of Sage Bharadwaja who was bent upon mastering the Vedas.
Yayati: The fifth king of the Lunar race, and son of King Nahusha. Emperor of the Bharata race, married Devayani and Sarmishtha. One of the ancestors of the Pandavas who became prematurely old due to Sukracharya's curse.
Yudhamanyu: A prince supporting the Pandavas.
Yudhishthira: The eldest of the five Pandava princes and the son of Dharma, or the god of righteousness by Kunti.
Yuyudhana: Another name of Satyaki.
Yuyutsu: A noble son of Dhritarashtra who bent his head in shame and sorrow when Yudhishthira lost Draupadi.

Characters of the Mahabharata: Glossary of Names (A to H)

Characters of the Mahabharata: Glossary of Names (A to H)

by
Subhamoy Das
Updated February 06, 2019
 The "Mahabharata" is the world's longest epic poem and one of Hinduism's most popular and important scriptures, along with the "Ramayan." The epic is a narrative of the Kurukshetra war but also contains much philosophical and devotional material. Contained within this massive epic are very important works, including the "Bhagavad Gita," the story of Damayanti, and a shortened version of the "Ramayana."

There are many forms of the epic and the oldest parts are thought to have been written about 400 BCE.

Here is a glossary of over 400 names from among the numerous characters found in the 100,000 verses and 18 chapters of the great epic poem as written by sage Vyasa.

01
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Names from Mahabharata Starting with 'A'
arjuna
Arjuna: The warrior prince of the Pandava dynasty. ExoticIndia.com
Abhimanyu: Son of Arjuna and Subhadra, married to Uttara, daughter of King Virata
Achuta: Sri Krishna
Adhiratha: Karna's foster-father
Agastya: This sage with mystic powers gave Lord Rama the bow of Lord Vishnu. Pandavas got acquainted with his life story while on pilgrimage to holy places. His wife Lopamudra was also a great sage.
Agni: The god of fire
Airavata: Lord Indra's elephant that was produced when gods and demons churned the Milk Ocean
Ajatasatru: Another name for Yudhisthira, meaning "one who has no enemy"
Akritavrana: A sage, close companion of Parasurama
Alambasa: A rakshasa friend of Duryodhana who joined his Kaurava forces but was then forced to flee the battlefield by Satyaki
Amba: The eldest daughter of the king of Kashi or Varanasi
Ambalika: The youngest daughter of the king of Kashi
Ambika: The middle daughter of the king of Kashi
Amshuman: A king belonging to the sun dynasty, descended from King Asamanjas
Anga: Mlechchha king, a Kaurava supporter
Angiras: A sage and mind-born son of Lord Brahma and one of the ten progenitors of mankind
Anila: One of the eight Vasus or heavenly beings, responsible for creating wind
Anu: Son of King Yayati by his wife Sharmishtha, a Daitya (demon) princess
Apsara: Wives of the heavenly Gandharvas, or angels
Arjun: The "Bhagavad Gita" was spoken by Lord Krishna to Arjun who was an undefeatable archer and the third of the Pandava brothers, born of Lord Indra.
Arka: An ancient king; also synonym of sun god
Arundhati: Wife of sage Vasishtha, family priest of the house of Ikshvaku
Aruni: A devoted disciple of his guru Ayodha-Dhaumya
Ashtaka: A king of the Puru dynasty descended from Ajamidha
Ashtavakra: This great scholar became renowned while still in his teens.
Ashwapati: Lord of the horses and also the name of many kings
Ashwatthama: Son of guru Dronacharya and Kripa, and last supreme commander of the Kaurava force
Ashwins: The twin gods—youth and handsomeness; physicians of heaven who restored the youth of sage Chyavana
Asita: A sage who denounced gambling and disciple of Vyasa
Asmaka: A Kaurava warrior who attacked Abhimanyu
Asumanjas: A king of sun dynasty descended from King Sagara
Asuras: Demons (atheists); enemies of the gods
Atreya: Disciple of Vamadeva, who had the power to go from one planet to another
Atri: A sage and author of many Vedic hymns, son of Lord Brahma
Ayodha-Daumya: A great sage whose disciples were Aruni, Upamanyu and Veda
Ayus: The king of the frogs

02
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Names from Mahabharata Starting with 'B'
bhishma
Bhishma: The almost immortal great grandfather figure of the Mahabharata. ExoticIndia.com
Baladev: Balarama, elder brother of Sri Krishna
Bakasura: This voracious, cruel and mighty Rakshasa lived in a cave near the city of Ekachakrapura. Bhima killed him and relieved the citizens from constant fear of the demon.
Balarama: Elder brother of Sri Krishna
Balarama: An avatar or incarnation of Adisesha, the thousand-hooded serpent on which Lord Vishnu reclines in Vaikuntha
Bali: A good and virtuous Daitya king, son of Virochana and grandson of Prahlad
Bhagadatta: King of Pragjyotisha, a Kaurava ally
Bhagiratha: King Anshuman’s son who brought the Ganges River to earth
Bharadwaja: A sage, son of Brihaspati, father of Drona, the military preceptor of the Pandavas, father of Yavakrida
Bharata: Son of King Dushmanta and Shakuntala, he was a partial incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
Bhima: Bhima was the second Pandava brother. He had surpassing physical prowess, as he was born of the wind-god, Lord Pavana and Kunti. Another Bhima is the king of Vidharbha and Damayanti’s father.
Bhishmaka: Bhishmaka was the King of Vidarbha and father of Rukmini and Rukma. He was the old grandsire of the Pandavas and the Kauravas, the eighth child of King Santanu and Goddess Ganga, and the supreme commander of the Kaurava armies. He vowed abstinence from sexuality so his father could marry Satyavati. He excelled in yielding arms, the Vedas and Upanishads, and the sciences known to Sukra.
Bhrigu: A Vedic sage and a son of Lord Brahma
Bhuminjaya: Another name of prince Uttara, son of Virata, who fought the Kauravas with Brihannala as his charioteer
Bibhatsu: One of Arjuna's names, meaning a hater of unworthy acts
Brahma: Creator of the universe, one of the Hindu holy trinity born on a lotus sprung from Lord Vishnu’s navel
Brihadaswa: This great sage visited the Pandavas in their forest hermitage and reminded them of King Nala of Nishadha. King Nala also lost his kingdom in the game of dice and deserted his wife Damayanti because of a curse, but ultimately regained both.
Brihadratha: This celebrated commander of three regiments reigned over Magadha and married the twin daughters of the King of Kashi or Varanasi. The wives shared a mango gifted by sage Kausika and begot half a child each. A rakshasi recovered the two halves and accidentally it joined to form a baby, who later became known as Jarasandha.
Brihadyumna: A king, a disciple of sage Raibhya
Brihannala: Arjuna’s assumed name while living at Virata's court incognito
Brihaspati: A son of the Rishi Angiras; great sage and preceptor of the gods, and father of the sage Bharadwaja
Brihatbala: This daring warrior charged at Abhimanyu who was caught in the Kaurava army's net, Chakravyuha.
Burishrawa: A prince of the Balhikas and ally of the Kauravas

03
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Names from Mahabharata Starting with 'C'
chyavana
Chyavana: One of the most important sages of the Hindu scriptures - seen here among other luminaries seated in front of Sage Shukracharya. ExoticIndia.com
Charachitra: One of the hundred sons of King Dhritarashtra who died in the battle
Chitra: One of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra killed in the war
Chitraksha: One of the hundred sons of King Dhritarashtra who fell in the war
Chitrasena: Chitrasena was the King of the Gandharvas who prevented the Kauravas from putting up their camp near the pond where he himself had encamped. He was one of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra.
Chitrangada: Chitrangada was the eldest son of King Shantanu born of Matsyagandhi (Satyavati) and brother of Bhishma. He was killed in early life in conflict with a Gandharva of the same name. He succeeded his father on the throne of Hastinapur.
Chitravarma: A brother of Duryodhana, one of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra who was killed in the war
Chitrayudha: One of the hundred Kaurava princes, killed in the war
Chyavana: A sage, son of Rishi Bhrigu       

04
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Names from Mahabharata Starting with 'D'
Damayanti
Damayanti: The beautiful daughter of King Bhima. ExoticIndia.com
Dadhicha: This sage donated his bones to the gods, who used them to create a thunderbolt weapon to defeat the demons.
Daksha: Son of Lord Brahma who had many daughters whom he gave in marriage to Kashyapa, Chandra, Dharma, and Lord Shiva
Dala: Son of King Parikshit and Queen Sushobhana of the Ikshvaku dynasty
Damayanti: Daughter of King Bhima of Vidarbha
Daruka: Sri Krishna's charioteer
Dasaratha: King of Ayodhya, Rama's father
Dattatreya: Dattatreya was an incarnation of Lord Krishna and the son of the sage Atri and his wife Anasuya. He gave Kartavirya Arjuna one thousand arms.
Devaki: Sri Krishna’s mother and wife of Vasudeva
Devata: This sage condemned the game of dice as an evil form of gambling, because it offered opportunity for deceit and dishonesty and was not fit for entertainment.
Devavrata: Another name of Bhishma
Devayani: Devayani was the beautiful daughter of Sukracharya and ​wife of King Yayati. She bore him two sons, Yadu and Turvasu. She fell in love with Kacha, son of Brihaspati, preceptor of the Devas.
Devendra: King of the Gods
Dhara: Wife of a Vasu, or god, named Drona
Dharmagranthi: Dharmagranthi was Nakula’s name when he was in disguise at King Virata's court.
Dharmananda/ Dharmaraja /Dharmaputra: Names for Yudhishthira, the son of Dharma or Yama
Dharmavyadha: Dharmavyadha was a meat-seller who possessed the secret of good life and lived in the city of Mithila.
Dhananjaya: One of the names of Arjuna
Dhanusaksha: This great sage was once insulted by Medhavi, son of the sage Baladhi. He took the form of a bull and butted Medhavi until he fell down dead.
Dhaumya: Dhaumya was the preceptor of the Pandavas. He accompanied them during their exile to the Kurijangala forest, singing Sama hymns addressed to Yama, Lord of Death.
Dhrishtadyumna: Supreme commander of the Pandava forces; eldest brother of Draupadi
Dhrishtaketu: A kinsman of the Pandavas
Dhritarashtra: Dhritarashtra was the elder son of Vichitravirya and Ambika and he was born blind. He was the father of Duryodhana and the hundred Kauravas and the brother of Pandu.
Dhartarashtras: Sons of Dhritarashtra
Dhundhu: This demon harassed the sage Utanka while he was meditating. He was killed by King Kuvalashva.
Dhundhumara: King Kuvalashva, killer of Dhundhu
Dilipa: Son of King Anshuman and father of Bhagiratha of the Ikshvaku or solar dynasty
Drahyu: Son of King Yayati, born from Sharmishtha
Draupadi: Draupadi was the daughter of King Drupada, King of Panchala. She married all five Pandavas, though Arjuna had won her in the Swayamvara, because of the vow that the brothers would share everything in common.
Dridhasyu: Dridhasyu was a great scholar and ascetic. He was the son of the sage Agastya and his wife Lopamudra.
Drona: Drona was the son of a Brahmana named Bharadwaja. He married Kripi and fathered Ashwatthama. He learned military art from Parasurama, the master, and taught military art to the Kaurava and Pandava princes.
Drupada: Drupada was the king of Panchala. He was the father of Shikhandi and of Draupadi, the wife of the Pandavas.
Durdhara: One of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra killed by Bhima in the war
Durjaya: Durjaya was Duryodhana’s brother. He was sent to attack Bhima to save Karna's life, but lost his own.
Durmarsha: One of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra killed by Bhima
Durmata: One of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra killed by Bhima
Durmukha: A chariot-borne warrior on the Kaurava side
Durvasa: This sage was the son of Atri and Anasuya. He was known for his irascible temper, curses, and blessings.
Durvishaha: A warrior fighting on the Kaurava side
Duryodhana: Duryodhana was the first son of King Dhritarashtra. He was the leader of Kauravas, who illegally wrested the throne from the Pandavas.
Dushkarma: A warrior belonging to the Kaurava side
Dushmanta: Dushmanta was the valiant king of the Lunar race, descended from Puru. He was the husband of Shakuntala, by whom he had a great son, Bharata.
Dushshala: Daughter of King Dhritarashtra
Dushasana: Dushasana was Duryodhana's brother, who dragged Draupadi to the hall of assembly by her hair and tried to strip her naked. He failed, due to Lord Krishna’s divine intervention.
Dussaha: One of the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra killed by Bhima
Dyu: Dyu was one of the eight Vasus, gods who stole the cow Nandini from sage Vashishtha. He was reincarnated on earth as the warrior Bhishma.
Dyumatsena: Dyumatsena was king of Shalva and father of Satyavan, Savitri’s husband. Savitri saved her husband's life by following Lord Yama to his abode.
05
of 06
Names from Mahabharata Starting with 'G'
Goddess Ganga
Ganga: The goddess, mother of Bhishma. Sacred River Ganges. It flows from the toe of Lord Vishnu and was brought down to earth by King Bhagiratha. Exoticindia.com
Gadhi: A king of the Kushika race and father of sage Visvamitra
Ganapati: Ganapati was Vvasa’s scribe. He agreed to write down, without pause, the complete story of the Mahabharata as dictated by Vyasa.
Gandhari: Gandahari was the daughter of King Subala, the king of Gandhara. She was also King Dhritarashtra's wife and queen and the mother of the Kauravas.
Gandharvas: These celestial beings were specialists in music and medicine. They prepared soma juice for the gods.
Ganga: This goddess is mother of Bhishma. The sacred River Ganga or Ganges flows from the toe of Lord Vishnu and was brought down to earth by King Bhagiratha.
Gautama: Sage Saradwat, a son of Gotoma, and the husband of Ahalya
Ghatotkacha: Son of Bhima from demoness Hidimba
Govinda: Govinda is a name for Sri Krishna or Vishnu. This name means cowkeeper and refers to Krishna's occupation as a cowherd in Gokula.
Gritachi: A heavenly nymph who sings and dances
Guhyaka: A yaksha or member of Kuvera’s court
Gurnika: A companion of Devayani
06
of 06
Names from Mahabharata Starting with 'H'
hiranyakashipu
Hiranyakashipu: A demon king who was killed by Vishnu in the form of Narasimha. ExoticIndia.com
Haihaya: Haihaya was a prince of the Lunar race and the great grandson of King Yadu.
Hamsa, Hidimbaka, Kamsa: Hamsa, Hidimbaka, and Kamsa were allies of King Jarasandha. Kamsa married the two daughters of Jarasandha. Kamsa was Krishna's step-uncle, whom Krishna killed.
Halayudha: Plough-weapon wielder, an epithet of Balarama
Hanuman: Hanuman was the wise learned monkey god and devotee of Sri Rama. He possessed extraordinary powers and searched and found Sita in her confinement in Lanka.
Hari/ Hrishikesha: Sri Krishna
Hiranyakashipu: This king of the Daitya (demon) race was known for his severe austerities. Lord Vishnu in the form of Narasimha killed him to protect His devotee Prahlada.
Hiranyavarman: This king of Darsana's daughter married Shikhandi.
Hotravahana: This saintly king was Amba’s grandfather.

What happened to them-environment-friendly transportation

Environment-friendly transportation

Eight interesting environment-friendly transportation systems
what happened in the last  6 years ? since this report .
21 Aug 2013, 10:58 AM IST
Eight interesting environment-friendly transportation systemshttps://static.clmbtech.com/ctn/72790/images/73/7d16df45741aa9b73a8ff7bb26891ff1_1563430214813_0.jpgSad news confirmed for Laura Ingraham!
Sponsored by Heatpeak

1/7
Eight interesting environment-friendly transportation systems
Text: Agencies

In an increasingly pollution-conscious world, environment-friendly transportation systems are in a huge demand. Be it metro services, buses or personal transport vehicles such as hybrid cars, we take a look at eight interesting initiatives worth a mention...

PRT Pod Cars
2/7
PRT Pod Cars
World's first urban Passenger Rapid Transport (PRT) system will in a few years be a reality in Amritsar. At present, the PRT runs only at the London Heathrow Terminal. Urban experts think that PRT will eliminate cars in future cities.

PRT pod cars are small automated vehicles moving on dedicated tracks, and they are being tried in some cities around the world, including Amritsar in India. PRT is in fact a personal taxi, which is demand-responsive to any user. It transports users anywhere within the track network directly and without any stops.

According to Ultra Global PRT, the company that makes the pod cars, the vehicle uses one third of the energy of a car is virtually silent with no emissions.

In pic: PR Pictures taken by photographer Lee Durant at Heathrow Terminal 5 for Advanced Transport Systems Limited.
.

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ISRO, Tata Motors' fuel cell bus
3/7
ISRO, Tata Motors' fuel cell bus
For the first time in the country, a Hydrogen-powered automobile bus has been developed by Tata Motors and ISRO after several years of research. It's a CNG-type bus. Hydrogen in bottles at high pressure is stored at the top of the bus and there would be zero pollution.

The hydrogen cells were a spin-off of the cryogenic technology that ISRO had been developing for the last few years. The fuel cell technology makes it a clean and silent bus on-road. Hydrogen is stored in compressed form, which combines with oxygen from the air to generate electricity, and gives water vapour as the only emission.

This electricity is used to charge the battery to power the motor of the bus. A number of fuel cells are combined to form a fuel cell stack, which is placed in the rear module of the bus.


Delhi Metro
4/7
Delhi Metro
Delhi Metro is the world's first railway project to be registered by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change under the Clean Development Mechanism.

It has claimed carbon credits for the use of a regenerative braking system. Under the regenerative braking process, whenever trains on the Metro network apply brakes, three phase-traction motors installed on these trains act as generators to produce electrical energy which goes back into the Over Head Electricity (OHE) lines.

The regenerated electrical energy that is supplied back to the OHE is used by other accelerating trains in the same service line, thus saving overall energy in the system as about 30% of electricity requirement is reduced.

BCCL
CNG-Electric Hybrid Bus
5/7
CNG-Electric Hybrid Bus
For a city that has for so long been at the forefront of adopting clean fuels for its public transportation, the DTC has now taken its 'going green' tag to an entirely different level with the introduction of four new CNG-Electric Hybrid Bus, courtesy Tata Motors.

The Hybrid Tata Starbus has been built for intra-city transportation, and is powered by a parallel hybrid engine comprising of an internal combustion CNG engine and an electric motor using regenerative energy storage system.

Researchers and transport industry experts agree that CNG is practically the cheapest and least polluting fuel for commercial transportation. However, they believe that a CNG hybrid engine further brings down fuel consumption.



6/7
Mahindra's zero-emission e2o
Nine years after the country's first electric car REVAi, Mahindra Reva launched a second-generation four-seat hatchback called the e2o that it says will bring down the running cost to 50 paise per kilometre.

The fully automatic, zero emission e2o, (pronounced 'Ee-too-oh') is powered by 48-volt lithium ion batteries that offer a claimed range of 100km per charge. Charging can be done anywhere through a standard 15-ampere plug point.

A full charge takes 5 hours, while a quick charge option is also there. Mahindra has plonked in some ingenious technologies into the e2o such as Sun2Car, Revive and regenerative braking system that further boost the car's range. The Sun2Car, for instance, allows people to charge the e2o using solar energy while it's parked.

PTI
E-rickshaws
7/7
E-rickshaws
The e-rickshaw scheme has been promoted quite actively by Delhi government as an environmentally friendly alternative. The seating capacity of the vehicle is two, in addition to the driver.

As these are electric vehicles, charging stations are also be set up at strategic locations along the cluster route.



HLA-TYPING

AIDS
Ami
ATP
Aus
BAGE
BHRFI
BMLFI
BMRFI
BMT
BZLFI
c
CDK4
CDR
c.fes
CKS
CLIP
c.myc
COOH
c•pim
CREC
CSA.19
alanine
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
American Indian
antigen presenting cell
ankylosing spondylitis
adenosine triphosphate
Ausualian Aboriginal
beta-2 microglohulin
tumour antigen
Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle antigen
Black
Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle antigen
Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle antigen
bone marrow transplantation
Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle antigen
cysteine
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
cluster of differentiation
cell division control protein
cycline dependent kinase
complementarity determining region
proto-oncogene
cycline dependent kinase regulatory subunit
class II-associated invariant chain peptide
proto.oncogene
carboxy
proto-oncogene
cross-reacting group Of antigens
60S ribosomal protein LIOA

CDR
c-fes
c.myc
COOH
c•pim
CREC,
CSA-19
DDB'
DEK
Der p
EBNA
EBV
EMBL
ERP
ESAT
EST
complementarity determining region
to-oncogene
cycline dependent kinase regulatory subunit
class II-associated invariant chain peptide
carboxy
proto-oncogene
cross-reacting group of antigens
60S ribosomal protein L IOA
cytotoxic {or cytolytic' T lymphocyte
aspartic acid
DN A Bank Of 'apan
transcriptional regulatory protein
Derma tophagoides pteronyssinus
glutamic acid
Epstein •Barr virus nuclear antigen
Epstein-Barr virus
ethnic group
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum resident protein
early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa protein
expressed sequence tag
Ets- I 
FcR 
C, 
GAD 
GAGE 
GBLP 
C.IcNac 
C,MCSF 
GSDB 
c,VHD 
C,VL 
HBV 
HCMV 
HCV 
HER.2/neu 
His 
HIV 
HPLC 
HPV 
HSI 
HSC 
HSP 
transcription factor 
phenylalanine 
ribosomal protein S30 fused to a ubiquitin-like 
Fe receptor 
glycme 
glutamic acid &carbOxylaSc 
tumour antigen 
guanine nucleotide binding protein b suburut•llke pre 
granulocyte / macrophage colony stimulating factot 
glycoprote.n 
melanoma anugen 'same as "melt 
Genome Seq ucnCC Database 
gait •versus•host disease 
graft •versus •leukemia 
hust idine 
histcxompatibility antigen 2 (of mice' 
hepatitis B virus 
human cytomegalovirus 
hepatitis C virus 
proto-oncogene 
Hispanic 
human immunodeficiency virus 
human leucocyte antigen 
high performance liquid chromatography 
human virus 
haematopoetic lineage cell specific protein 
heat protein constitutive 
heat protein 


HSC 
HSP 
Hsrn 
HSV' 
HTLV 
ICAM 
IDDM 
IFN 
IL 
Int-6 
rrAM 
ITIM 
kDa 
KIR 
heat shock protein constitutive 
heat shock protein 
human seminal 
herpes simplex Virus 
human T lymphotrophic Virus 
isoleucine 
intercellular adhesion molecule 
insuhn•dependent diabetes mellitis 
isoelectric focusing 
interferon 
immunoglobulin 
invariant cham 
interleukin 
immunoglobulin.like transcript 
translation imtiation factor subunit 
gamma interferon-inducible protein 
immuno•tyrosine activating motif 
immuno-tyrosine inhibitory motif 
lysine 
kilobase 
kilo-dalton 
killer.cell immunoglobulin.like receptor 
LOL 
LGL 
LIR 
Lmp 2/7 
Lmp• 112 
LOI p 
LRC 
M. 
MAGE 
MART.I/ 
MET 
MG 
MHC 
MIC 
Mix 
MLC 
MUWI 
NKC 
NMDP 
leucine 
low density lipoprotein 
large granular lymphocyte 
leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 
low molecular mass polypeptides 2/7 
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1/2 
lx»liurn perenne 
lymphocyte receptor complex 
methiomne 
Mycobacterium sp. 
melanoma anugen 
melanA / melanoma antigen 
megabase 
proto-oncogene 
myasthenia gravis 
major histocompaubility complex 
MHC class I •related chain 
MHC class II compartment 
mixed race 
mixed lymphocyte culture 
multiple sclerosis 
tumour antigen 
asparagine 
not available 
not determined 
natural killer 
natural killer complex 
United States National Marrow Donor Program 
NKC 
N',MDP 
Pac 
PCR 
PGK 
PLT 
pmel 
PRAME 
RAGE 
RBAP.2 
RFLP 
not determined 
natural killer 
natural killer complex 
Umted States National Marrow Donor Program 
nonstructural protein 
Oriental 
prohne 
Plasmodium sp. 
Pacific Islander 
rolymcrase chain reaction 
phosphoglycerate kinase 
primed lymphocyte typing 
melanoma antigen 
'Kilymerasc 
tumour antigen 
glutamine 
arginine 
rheumatoid arthritis 
tumour ant igen 
proto-oncogene 
retinoblastoma-associated protein 
restriction fragment length polymorphism 
sequence-based typing 
SHP 
SLE 
SMCY 
ssop 
ssp 
SSR 
ST ARP 
TAP 
TCR 
TIS 
TRAP 
TRP 
VLA 
SH2 domain containing protein 
systemic lupus erythematosis 
male.specific transplantation antigen 
sequence.specific oligonucleotide probe 
sequence-specific primer 
signal sequence receptor 
sporozoite threonine and asparagine rich protein 
threonine 
transporter associated with antigen processing 
HTLV•I trans activator 
receptor 
early response factor induced by growth and tumour promoters 
thrombospondin related anonymous protein 
melanoma antigen 
unknown amino acid 
valine 
adhesion receptor 
tryptophan 
isoleucine or leucine 


About a hundred years ago, biologists interested in cancer began to study the tumours that sometimes spontaneously arise in domesticated mice. Because each tumour died with the mouse in which it arose, investigators sought ways to transplant tumours from sick mice to healthy mice. In this way they hoped to prolong their investigations beyond the lifetime of a single mouse. In most of these experiments the transplanted tumour did not grow in the healthy recipient mouse, but was rejected by mechanisms that were later shown to be due to an immune response. However, when inbred stocks of mice were used, successful transplantation and propagation of tumours became feasible. The observations so made suggested that one or more genetic factors control the acceptance and rejection of tumour grafts. An important question to arise from these studies was whether the observed effects were restricted to tumours or also pertained to normal tissue. The latter was shown to be true: transplanted healthy tissues were subject to the same type of immunological rejection as transplanted tumours. Further study of the phenomenon was made possible by the generation of highly inbred strains of mice which to all intents and purposes were genetically homogeneous. Tissue transplants between mice Of the same inbred strain were shown to be accepted, whereas transplants between mice of different strains were always rejected. Breeding expenments made

The real reason Hospital bills are so high in USA




https://youtu.be/CeDOQpfaUc8



  Adam Ruins everything


  Woman Patient: Of course I want as much medical care as possible .What could be the downside?

 Adam: Oh, there are a ton. For starters, how 'bout the fact that this place rips off folks like you every day.

  Woman Patient :  Whatever. I know the hospital is expensive, but it is worth it if I get the best treatment.

 Adam: No, it isn't. American health care is not the best in the world. (Susan Brink. NPR. 2017) But despite that, we spend more per person annually on health care than any other developed nation and a big part of the reason for that is that American hospitals overcharge patients massively.

(Music playing, cheering and applause)

This neck brace is worth $.20

But the hospital charged him... $.154

This I.V. bag cost less than a buck.

But she was charged $.137

These are real prices, folks.

 Woman Patient:  Hold up.

Wildly inflated health care costs?

This sounds like the work of politicians to me.Was it Obamacare? Trump Aid, McConnell Med?

What did you do?!

 Random white man: I'm not a politician. I'm just a boring white guy. Why does this keep happening?





 Adam:  Sorry, Rachel, but this time, it's not the politicians' fault.

The problem starts with something called the "Chargemaster."

The Chargemaster is a secret document full of insane prices,that hospitals use to charge us whatever they want.

Let's go on a trip through the history of medical billing.

 Woman Patient:  Well, I'd rather not.

(Adam) A hundred years ago, hospital pricing was pretty simple.

 Hospital administrator: We take the cost of providing care and add a little on top to make a profit. One amputation costs us five bucks. So we'll charge you..$6.50

But after the rise of insurance companies, hospital billing got complicated, in part because these gigantic corporations demanded gigantic discounts.

 Insurance representative: We send you thousands of patients every day. So, we want... half off all your prices.

 Hospital administrator: We can't afford that.

So, to please these powerful insurance companies, hospitals cooked up a plan.



 Hospital administrator: I've got it. We'll make up a really, high fake price, and then give you a discount off that.



 Insurance representative: Hey, as long as I get to tell my boss we got it cheaper.

(Laughter)

(Laughter)

(Adam) And in less than a century, health care prices went from reasonable to nonsensical.

Let's make one Tylenol $.37.00

Three stitches, $.2200.00

Ooh, here's a pitch.

What if we made rectal exams –$ 69. ??

Nah, that's too silly even for me.

♪♪

 Adam:  These crazily inflated prices are kept in the hospital's Chargemaster.

 Blows the dust on the cover

Woman Patient:   (coughs)

 Adam:  It's actually a computer file. But the book is more dramatic.

 Seven Dollars For a single alcohol swab? That's ridiculous.

 Adam:  And true.

  Woman Patient:  Well, I only pay my premium.

If they wanna rip off my insurance company with their fake prices, what do I care?

If you ever lose insurance, you'll care.

Because here's the really evil part.

If you don't have insurance,

you actually get charged these fake prices.

(studio audience cheering and applauding)

Let's see, heart X-rays.

That'll be $,.33000

I can't afford that.

No problem, we'll just garnish your wages.

Oh, bogus.

 Woman Patient:  Wait, they actually charge people without insurance

fake prices?

Yeah.

 Woman Patient:  That is terrible.

 Woman Patient:  Well, thankfully, I have insurance, so the Chargemaster doesn't affect me.Right

Unfortunately, it does.

Even if you're insured, you can get billed

Chargemaster prices if you go out-of-network.

And anything can be

out-of-network.

The hospital you go to, the equipment used to treat you.

Even the doctors you see.

Arrow specialist.

Out-of-network, I am very expensive.

Hospitals make a ton of money

overcharging

out-of-network patients.

It's a real cash cow and we all get milked.

(cow mooing)

Worse, every hospital has its own Chargemaster.

A treatment that costs , at one hospital

could cost a hundred grand down the road.

And you can't comparison shop

When you're dying.

 EMT Tech :Which hospital do you want?

Money Bags Medical or St. Vincent's Discount Sick House?

Money Bags it is.

Plus, since your insurance company faces inflated costs,

That can trickle down to you in the form of... higher premiums.

Oh, surprisingly painless.

Wait till you get the bill.

(cow mooing)

 Woman Patient:  How do they get away with this?

Simple, the health care industry spends more on lobbying than the oil and defense industries combined.

(cash register rings)

(men babbling)

Thanks, Doc. I'll take care of you real nice.

Say, does this cyst look normal?

Oh, God.

 Woman Patient:  So, how can I stop it? What do I do?

Honestly, nothing.

We need to go to the hospital,

so they have no incentive to change how they do business. And politicians have spent decades arguing

over how to pay the bill instead of asking why the bill is so high? Until they do, we're stuck with this system.

 Woman Patient:  God, what if I get fired and lose my insurance? I would be ruined! I feel so anxious.

(Woman over PA)

Rachel, the doctor will see you now. Down the hall and to your left.

 Woman Patient:  Well, then, if I'm gonna get ripped off, I might as well score some antibiotics.

I wanna be done with this cold and those miracle drugs are worth whatever they cost.

Even if it means the end of modern medicine?

  Woman Patient:  You are the worst person I have ever met, and I work in finance.
English  Adam Ruins Everything


In the United States, the chargemaster, also known as charge master, or charge description master (CDM), is a comprehensive listing of items billable to a hospital patient or a patient's health insurance provider. In practice, it usually contains highly inflated prices at several times that of actual costs to the hospital.[1][2][3] The chargemaster typically serves as the starting point for negotiations with patients and health insurance providers of what amount of money will actually be paid to the hospital. It is described as "the central mechanism of the revenue cycle" of a hospital.

prices out of this world

 Some prices charged by some Hospitals in  USA

Aripiprazole $99.82 actual price 50 cents
Bag External Drainage $242.00about 2$
Balanced Saline Oph $138.00 /salt water 
Belladonna-Opium Supp $118.08
Betameth Dipr Aug Oint 0.05% $96.40
Betaxolol Oph Soln 0.5% $97.83
Calfactant Intratrach Soln $3,117.80
Canceled Exam 30 Min $2,038.00
Carvedilol 1.67Mg/Ml Susp $8.35
Carvedilol Tab 3.125Mg $7.60
Carvedilol Tab 6.25 Mg $8.20
Central Line Insertion Procedure $5,872.00
Cephalexin Cap 500Mg $4.75
Chemical Cauterization Of Granulation Tissue (Ie, Proud Flesh) $689.00
Chlorpromazine Tab 10Mg $17.77
Clomipramine Cap 25Mg $43.60
Clopidogrel 300Mg Tab $101.05

Colesevelam Tab 625Mg $16.15
Collection Of Blood Specimen From A Completely Implantable Venous Access Device $333.00

Collection Of Blood Specimen Using Established Central Or Peripheral Catheter, Venous, Not Otherwise Specified $316.50

$16.15


Where is Maneka gandhi?

Panchkula goes to the dogs, DCP latest victim
DCP Kamaldeep Goyal joined the list of aggrieved on July 3 when he fractured his leg while trying to save himself from a stray dog attack. The incident happened in Sector 4, where he had gone to visit his parents.
Panchkula |
Published: July 22, 2019 6:14:32 am

Bengaluru: Five-year-old kid mauled to death by stray dogs

Chandigarh stray dog menace: We are helpless, says Municipal Corporation

Chandigarh stray dog menace: 74-year-old NRI attacked

As many as 177 cases of dog bite were registered in the first two weeks of July alone. Express Archives
Written by Pallavi Singhal

THERE SEEMS to be no respite from the canine fury in Panchkula. The number of dog bite cases in the city is all set to double from last year. The Panchkula Civil Hospital received as many as 2,839 cases of dog bite until July 14 this year as compared to 2,819 cases in the whole of 2018. A whopping 177 cases of dog bite were registered in the first two weeks of July alone.

While MC claims that it is working towards curbing the population of street dogs by appointing an agency, M/s Jayant Vet House, for sterilisation of the canines, the cases of dog bite tell a different story.

DCP Kamaldeep Goyal joined the list of aggrieved on July 3 when he fractured his leg while trying to save himself from a stray dog attack. The incident happened in Sector 4, where he had gone to visit his parents. He said, “I am a victim in this case and would like some concrete steps to be taken to control these dogs. Stray dogs are a big menace. The problem exists across the Tricity.”



MC Commissioner Rajesh Jogpal, when contacted, said, “I am not free to take calls any time. Come and visit me in my office after taking an appointment.”
What else can this  poor guy do except hide his face in shame

The Civil Hospital, Sector 6, Panchkula, has put up special posters to guide people coming in with dog bites. A doctor at the emergency ward said, “We get almost 15 people per day who have been bitten. We first wash the wounds thoroughly and then vaccinate them.’’

With the dog bite cases going through the roof, the hospital is running short of anti-rabies vaccines. CMO Yogesh Kumar admits there has been some problem with the supplier of the vaccination. “Lesser number of vaccines are coming in. We are trying our level best to treat all patients who come here. We have even asked for medication from nearby hospitals to treat such people in a few instances. The supply will hopefully get back to normal in a few days.’’

Sources said that in a few cases, patients had to be sent back when vaccinations could not be arranged despite best efforts.


A person bitten by a dog has to to get four injections: one on the day of the bite, the second three days later, the third after a week and the fourth after 28 days. In all, it is almost a 40-day process, and the victim cannot miss any shot. But scarcity of anti-rabies vaccine is making this difficult.

Shiksha, 65, a resident of Sector 15, was bitten by a dog on June 20. On July 18, as she walked in for her last vaccination, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, she groused, “Kya kar sakte hain, paidal nikalna hi mushkil ho gaya hai (What can we do? It has become difficult to move out on foot).” She then recounted the incident saying she was returning from the market one noon, when a group of dogs which were fighting amongst themselves bit her as she walked past them.

Gurjeet, 24, who came in the hospital on July 18 for his first vaccination, said he was coming back from his morning walk when a pack of stray dogs encircled him and one of them bit him. He then went around from hospital to hospital in search of medication which he finally found at the civil hospital. “Something desperately needs to be done about these dogs. I have been going around from authority to authority to get some help but to no avail. I think I’ll have to take it upon myself to sort out this menace.”

Gurjeet, who went for his second vaccine on Sunday, returned saying that the vaccines were out of stock. He was further advised to get it from outside. Gurjeet said he searched for the vaccination at various pharmacies but could not find it anywhere.



Geeta Ram, mother of 9-year-old Chandni, recounts how her daughter was just giving out her leftover meat to the strays when one of them bit her.
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Anti-rabies vaccine
The anti-rabies vaccine, which is needed by the victims four times, is only being provided once (on their first visit) by the Civil Hospital, Sector 6, as the stock of the vaccination is at an all-time low. Sources at the hospital said they only have stocks for two more months before they run out of the vaccine. With the number of dog-bite cases increasing and the stock of vaccinations decreasing, they are forced to send people back. Members of Citizen’s Welfare Association, Panchkula, have written letters to the Prime Minister, Union Health Minister, Haryana chief minister and health minister, requesting them to intervene in the matter and ensure smooth supply of the anti-rabies vaccine but to no avail