Mom Son dichotomy

I am struck by this Mom son dichotomy.
One is  Rahul and Sonia duo. Son leaves the post only to see his mother becoming the " interim  president"

The other is Tavleen singh  and Aatish Taseer  Mother  praises  Modi Government  while Son criticises

What is happening to Deccan Chronicle's English"

 for the last few months I have noticed  increasing mistakes both in English and the continuity of sentences in Deccan chronicle's online news articles .
but this article  from today takes the cake .

I really don't know if recreational Marijuana has been made legal in India /
Where did this reporter and his editor learn their English?

NATION, CRIME

Kolkata's Biryani baron’s elder son arrested in Jaguar-Mercedes crash

DECCAN CHRONICLE

PublishedAug 22, 2019, 3:18 pm IST

UpdatedAug 22, 2019, 3:18 pm IST

Joint commissioner of police (crime) Murlidhar Sharma said Raghib Parvez, 24, escaped to Dubai after the accident and returned on Wednesday.

 Arsalan was arrested 10 hours after the crash. Police charged Arsalan under IPC sections 279 (rash driving), 304 part-II (culpable homicide not amounting to murder) and 308 (attempt to commit culpable homicide) apart from destruction of public property. (Photo: ANI)

Kolkata: In an horiffying accident on August 16 and 17 that caused the death of two Bangladeshi nationals was being driven by Raghib Parvez, the elder son of Akhtar Parvez, owner of Arsalan, and not Arsalan Parvez, the younger son, Kolkata Police announced on Wednesday afternoon shortly after arresting the accused.

During the investigation, the police discovered that Raghib Parvez was the driver using the entertainment system of the vehicle he was driving (a Jaguar) and CCTV camera footage.

Joint commissioner of police (crime) Murlidhar Sharma said Raghib Parvez, 24,escaped to Dubai after the accident and returned to the city on Wednesday.

The case turned on its head when Raghib returned two days and got admitted to a nursing home near Park Circus. Police had by then enough reason to suspect that Arsalan was not speaking the truth.

“We cracked the case after going through the Jaguar’s infotainment and communication data in which the phone number of the person who drove the vehicle before the crash was recorded. That’s how we found Raghib’s number; we matched his social media profile photo with the footage recorded by security cameras at the crash site,” said Sharma.

Meanwhile, other footage showed Raghib Parvez entering the vehicle alone “at 11.30 pm on August 16 and driving out,” Sharma said.

However, it is not clear that why Arsalan Parvez, after whom the restaurant, famed nationwide for its biryani is named, confessed to having driven the car on August 17. We also arrested Mohammad Hamza, a maternal uncle of Raghib Parvez, on charges of giving shelter to the accused and helping him escape to Dubai,” said Sharma.

When police confronted Raghib on Wednesday afternoon, he did not resist. The facial burn marks and an elbow injury were consistent with the accident, an investigator said.

The dead identified as Kazi Mohammad Mainul Alam (36) and Farhana Islam Tania (28) were standing under the shed of the traffic post along with another Bangladeshi who is reported to have escaped with injuries in the impact.

Read | 2 Bangladeshi bystanders die as speeding Jaguar crashes into Mercedes in Kolkata

Biotechnology in India in the 18th and 19th centuries!

 You may think  i am  one  of those  who claim  that Indians  knew  how to use  Atomic weapons  during  the  War of mahabharata .

NO SIR,
I AM NOT ONE of those crazies.

this  is  the description  of  crude  biotechnology  use  for  production  of  one of the  ingredients  which made  the  Great British  empire  Possible .

The History of Saltpeter - XIII

In our last post, we saw how various European countries realized that the eastern regions of India were capable of supplying good quality saltpeter and they all fought to establish trading posts there. In today's post, we will study the process of manufacture there in some detail and also why this region produced so much high quality saltpeter.

A few weeks back, we'd studied some details about the conditions necessary for saltpeter crystals to form. We will revisit that now in some detail. The main factors needed are:

1. Organic material: Large supply of plant and animal organic material that must be decomposed: cattle manure, plant parts, rotting wood etc.
2. Temperature: The bacteria that perform the nitrification process become active at 54° Fahrenheit (12.22° Centigrade) and the activity increases as the temperature rises, until the temperature hits about 99° F (37.22° C), where the nitrification process reaches its maximum rate. Higher temperatures than this reduces the rate of the nitrification process. Under the right conditions, all other things being equal, 10 times as much saltpeter is obtained at 99° F, than at 54° F.
3. Moisture: Water is necessary for the bacteria to proceed with the nitrification process. If there is drought, this will stop the nitrification process. The water holds dissolved saltpeter and other salts in the solution, and as the water evaporates in hot weather, the salt deposits on the surface of the soil.
4. Oxygen: This is also essential for the bacteria to do their job. If the surface soil is sufficiently aerated, it allows the formation of saltpeter for a few inches of depth.
5. Darkess: In the initial part of the saltpeter formation process, the bacteria should not be exposed to direct sunlight, in order for optimum performance.
6. Calcium Carbonate (limestone): The presence of calcium carbonate in the soil aids the process of nitrification. 
7. Time: The nitrification process of the bacteria takes a few months to complete, during which all the above factors should be present. 

As it happens, large parts of India were agricultural in nature, which meant availability of large amounts of wood, plants and cattle. This was particularly so in the eastern regions of Bihar and Bengal, which are plains with the Ganges river flowing through the middle of it, where most of the land was cultivated agricultural country, with a high proportion of domestic animals. These regions have the characteristics of hot summers, strong monsoon rains and presence of limestone in the soil. The farmers living in these areas were also working in conjunction with saltpeter makers for centuries and they had the whole process of manufacturing in sync with the rhythm of the seasons. Other regions in India also had many of these factors, but not as well as Bengal and Bihar. In particular, just three districts in Bihar: Tirhut, Saran and Champaran, were responsible for over two-thirds of all the saltpeter being exported from Calcutta to England annually in the nineteenth century. We have many accounts of the process written by authors such as R. W. Bingham, David Hooper, Arthur Marshall, Leather, Mukherjee and others, about how the industry worked.

In Bihar and Bengal, a special caste of people called Nuniahs or Luniahs (depending on region) were in charge of crude saltpeter production and another group called Mahajans were engaged in refined saltpeter production. In other parts of India, such as northern Punjab or the United Provinces, ordinary villagers undertook to produce saltpeter. In some other regions of India, potters would work on saltpeter production as well. The cycle went as follows:

During the rainy season, which lasts from June to October, the process of nitrification happens on the warm, moist soil, aided by the addition of organic refuse. This refuse was typically cow dung, wood and straw. Since cow dung and wood were used for fuel in rural India, villagers would collect pats of dung and straw and stick them onto the sides of huts to use later. The nuniahs would also plough special areas in the villages and spread an earth called 'sithi' on top and they had agreements with the richer villagers to let their cattle stand there for half an hour each morning and evening, so that their dung would drop on these special areas. Typically, the soil in these special areas would be so salty that ordinary crops would not grow there anyway, and the nuniahs wouldn't have to go digging about in the regular fields where agricultural crops were grown, thereby keeping everyone happy. The soil's natural supply of inorganic bases was increased by the villagers throwing fuel ashes onto the soil outside their houses and in the special areas. The villagers were paid by the nuniahs in advance, for doing this work during these months and allowing access to the specially prepared areas on their land. 

During the end of October and early November, while the rains stopped and fine weather returned, the nuniahs would visit the villages and scrape the walls of the huts and the surface of the soil of the prepared areas up to the depth of one or two inches, using ordinary spades, broken tiles or even shards from a broken pot. They would carry this nitrated soil away in baskets to be stored elsewhere. The nuniahs would return to each prepared field every four days or so (in some areas, they would come every fortnight) and repeat the process, until they had collected as much nitrated earth from the leased areas as they could before the rains returned. They would store this soil (which is rich in nitrates) in 2-4 feet high conical heaps under long sheds about 40x25 feet (or around 12x7.5 meters) where it would be protected from the weather and the precious stuff could not be washed away by the monsoon rains. The sheds would also protect the nitrated earth from direct sunlight and allow the bacteria to do their work for a few months. The amount of nitrated earth collected during this season was enough to easily keep the nuniahs and their families busy for months afterwards, doing the next stage in the process.

During the hot season months of April, May and June, the filtering and boiling process would start. The nuniahs would build earthen filtering chambers (percolators) called "kuria" or "kothi" with wet mud, which was allowed to dry. Each earthen chamber would either have circular walls about 5 to 6 feet (1.5 - 1.8 meters) in diameter or oblong walls, and a floor which slopes slightly from back to front. In the front wall is a hole at the level of the bed, under which a large earthen pot is buried, and the hole allows the nitrate liquor to drain into the pot. Above the bottom of each earthen chamber, a false bottom is laid, consisting of brushwood, bamboos and matting placed on a few loose bricks. 

A set of earthen filtering chambers (kothis) used for filtering the saltpeter. Click on the image to enlarge. Public domain image.

In the above image, you can see the man building a series of circular filtering chambers. The false bottom is clearly visible in the chamber in front. Also note the series of buried pots on the left side of the image, one in front of each filtering chamber, to collect the liquid coming out of the filters. The nitrated earth which was stored in the sheds for the previous 5-6 months would now be carefully packed into these chambers, as shown in the image above. Stones are removed from it as far as possible, and the nitrated earth is put in slightly moist and trodden down so as to leave no channels, through which water can run too rapidly or settle in. Wood ashes are generally mixed with the earth, so that the potash in them may convert into saltpeter, the nitrates of lime and magnesia. A small piece of matting is  placed on top of the nitrated earth and water is cautiously poured on top. The purpose of the matting is so that the water that is added distributes evenly. After about an hour or so, the water  passes through the filter and becomes a very strong nitrous brine solution, which trickles out of the hole in the bottom into the collecting pot. The first batch of liquid that percolates through the filter is more concentrated. More water is poured to the top of the filter after the first batch comes through, and subsequent batches of liquid are collected until the liquid trickling out of the bottom is deemed too weak to work, at which point the exhausted soil is taken out of the filter and thrown into a heap, which will be reused later (as we will see shortly). 

Meanwhile, the stronger liquid from the first few batches is transferred to a large earthenware or iron pan called a karahi, which is supported by a brick fireplace, where the liquid may be evaporated down (in other parts of India, such as Punjab, the liquid would  be transferred to shallow masonry trays, in which the concentration of the nitrates takes place through the action of the very dry air and the heat of the sun).

Evaporating the liquid in an iron pan (karahi). Click on the image to enlarge. Public domain image.

You can clearly see the shallow iron evaporating pan in the above image, placed on top of a fireplace. The pan is generally constructed from iron sheets which are riveted together. The liquid is boiled in the pan and lighter impurities, which float to the top, are skimmed off periodically. The liquid is boiled for about 7 hours until it is sufficiently concentrated. To determine this, a drop of the liquid is taken out and placed on a thumb nail. If crystals appear at once, this means the boiling process is complete. The hot boiled liquid is then transferred to open vessels made of clay and allowed to cool and the crystals that are formed are collected next morning, by filtration. The crystals are separated from the liquid and allowed to dry in the sun, but the liquid left behind is not wasted. Instead, it is combined with the next batch of liquid from the earthen filters and the solution is again boiled in the pan to get more crystals and so on. 

After several cycles of boiling, the remaining liquid becomes very saturated with salt. At this point, it is thrown on the heap of exhausted earth that was left behind by the filtration process (mentioned three paragraphs above) and left exposed to the air for a few days. This allows the exhausted earth to become nitrated once again, at which point it is filtered and boiled to extract more saltpeter and so on. The nuniahs were very careful to not lose any of the nitrates, because they often owed money that needed to be paid to the villagers and landowners for the next season. Therefore, they always strived to get the maximum yield of saltpeter possible. At the end of the hot summer season in June, the nuniahs would go back to the villages and pay the villagers an advance fee to use their lands for the next season.

The saltpeter refined by this process was somewhat crude and contained some impurities such as sodium chloride. However, it was pure enough (about 50-70% potassium nitrate) to be used for reasonable quality gunpowder, or it could be sold to other people for further refinement to produce the high-quality gunpowder.

In other parts of India, where the climate was drier (such as Punjab in northern India and parts of central and southern India), the crude saltpeter could be extracted by the heat of the sun instead of boiling artificially. We will study that process in the next post, followed by another post or two about the process used to produce refined saltpeter.

An Excellent site for Medical students and Medical professionals to learn and Refresh s a neurologic exam

https://neurologicexam.med.utah.edu/adult/html/motor_abnormal.html#11


An Excellent site for Medical students and Medical professionals to learn and refresh.
with excellent videos

GAY BOMB ! Believe it or Not

The Gay Bomb! 
You may laugh, but this actually happened! 

During 1945 it there was a proposal to design a non lethal weapon that could be dropped, or released which would render the enemy useless, or allow them to tum on each Other. The proposals were a "halitosis bomb" , basically designed to make enemy soldiers tum against each other because of bad breath, a -sting melattack me" bomb designed to attract swarms of enraged wasps or rats towards enemy troops, a "vampire- bomb designed to make the Skin unbearably sensitive to sunlight, and a "flatulence" bomb, designed to prornote flatulence in enemy troops. But perhaps the strangest of all was the -love bomb",

But perhaps the strangest Of all was the "love bomb", commonly known as the "gay bomb" which consisted Of introducing an aphrodisiac chemical that would promote widespread homosexual behaviour amongst enemy troops.  lt is perhaps understandable that towards the end of the war any proposals, no matter how far fetched they were, anything that could have prevented further bloodshed would have been welcome.


When approached the military's response was: — "A distasteful, but comp/ete/y non-lethal weapon designed to deliver a blow to enemy moralo". 

But What is even more surprising is that it did not stop there, in 1994 the Wright laboratory, in Ohio were granted a contract to develop a "gay bomb", and were funded a staggering $7.5 million to fund this research. This research continued until 2007 where scientists from the Wright Laboratory won the lg Nobel Peace Prize for "instigating research and development on a Chemical weapon that will make enemy soldiers become sexually attracted to each other.

From

Weird and Unusual Weapons: Firearms and their Development

By Wayne Webster

EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM At the end of the second week, embryonic nutrition is obtained from the maternal blood by diffusion through the extraembryonic coelom and umbilical vesicle. At the beginning of the third week, blood vessel formation
begins in the extraembryonic mesoderm of the umbilical vesicle, connecting stalk, and chorion (Fig. 4-11). Embryonic blood vessels begin to develop approximately 2 days later. The early formation of the cardiovascular system is correlated with the urgent need for blood vessels to bring oxygen and nourishment to the embryo from the maternal circulation through the placenta. During the third week, a primordial uteroplacental circulation develops (Fig. 4-12). Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis The formation of the embryonic vascular system involves two processes, 

vasculogenesis and angiogenesis
 Vasculogenesis is the formation of new vascular channels by assembly of individual cell precursors (angioblasts). Angiogenesis is the formation of new vessels by budding and branching from preexisting vessels. Blood vessel formation in the embryo and extraembryonic membranes during the third week (see Fig. 4-11) begins when mesenchymal cells differentiate into endothelial cell precursors, or angioblasts (vessel-forming cells). Angioblasts aggregate to form isolated angiogenic cell clusters, or blood islands, which are associated with the umbilical vesicle or endothelial cords within the embryo. Small cavities appear within the blood islands and endothelial cords by confluence of intercellular clefts. The angioblasts flatten to form endothelial cells that arrange themselves around the cavities in the blood islands to form the endothelium. Many of these endothelium-lined cavities soon fuse to form networks of 
endothelial channels (vasculogenesis). Additional vessels sprout into adjacent areas by endothelial budding (angio- genesis) and fuse with other vessels. The mesenchymal cells surrounding the primordial endothelial blood vessels differentiate into the muscular and connective tissue elements of the vessels. Blood cells develop from specialized endothelial cells (hemangiogenic epithelium) of vessels as they grow on the umbilical vesicle and allantois at the end of the third week (see Fig. 4-1 IE and F) and later in specialized sites along the dorsal aorta. Progenitor blood cells also arise directly from hemangiopoietic stem cells. Blood formation (hematogenesis) does not begin in the embryo until the fifth week. It occurs first along the aorta and then in various parts of the embryonic mesenchyme, mainly the liver and later in the spleen, bone marrow, and lymph
nodes. Fetal and adult erythrocytes are derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells. Primordial Cardiovascular System The heart and great vessels form from mesenchymal cells in the cardiogenic area (see Figs. 4-9A and 4-11B). Paired, longitudinal endothelial-lined channels, or endocardial heart tubes, develop during the third week and fuse to form a primordial heart tube (see Fig. 4-12). The tubular heart joins with blood vessels in the embryo, connecting the stalk, chorion, and umbilical vesicle to form a primordial cardiovascular system. By the end of the third week, the blood is circulating, and the heart begins to beat on the 21st or 22nd day.

List of arcane words in hair care product

We’ve all done it a time or two before: read that list of arcane words on the back of the bottles and packages of our hair care products. We’ve seen those multi-syllabic words and the scientific nomenclature and wondered what those names had to do with how the stuff in the bottle colored your hair or cleaned it, or made it shiny and soft.

Well, each of those ingredients in the various products - either on their own or in combination with other ingredients – has a function and what follows is a list of some of these ingredients and their function.

Before we can get into the actual lists of ingredients, we need to cover a few terms that may need some explanation:

EMULSIFIER

An emulsifier (also known as an emulgent) is an ingredient that when added to a combination of two unblendable substances allows them to become stable in their blended state. As an example, mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil-in-water that is stabilized by the lecithin in egg yolks.

Emulsifiers are used to create creams and lotions, and the emulsion principle is what allows the surfactants in soap to remove grease in cleaning.

SURFACTANT

The word surfactant is a blended word from the base words “surface acting agent” and are usually organic compounds that contain lipophilic (oil attracting) and hydrophilic (water attracting) agents allowing the compound to combine attract oily dirt in hair and skin and wash it away.

SOLVENT

A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous solute resulting in a solution. Most solvents have a low boiling point, evaporate easily and can be removed by distillation. Water is the most common solvent in everyday life.

Now that we’ve covered these most-basic terms, let’s look at some of the more commonly-found ingredients in hair care products and see what purposes they serve in the products in which they are found:

AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE

This is a high-foam surfactant that makes a good base for cleansers because of the way it disrupts hydrogen bonding in water. This has the effect of allowing the water to more easily penetrate cloth fibers and hair for deeper cleaning. It is primarily used in shampoos and body cleansers.

AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE

This is a detergent and surfactant commonly used in soaps and shampoos. It is a very effecting foaming agent for generating cleansing lather.

BEHENTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE

This wax-like organic compound is used as an antistatic agent and disinfectant, it is commonly used in conditioners, hair dye and mousse.

BENZYL ALCOHOL

This colorless liquid has a mild pleasant aromatic odor, and is a natural constituent of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang. It is also a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity and low vapor pressure. It is generally used as a solvent for inks, paints, lacquers and epoxy resin coatings.

CETEARETH-30

This compound (blended of saturated-fatty alcohols – cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol) is a non-ionic surfactant that works by attracting both water and oil at the same time. It is frequently used as an emulsifier in soaps and cosmetics.

CETRIMONIUM CHLORIDE

This compound is a quaternary, water-soluble conditioning agent that adds shine to the hair.

CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

Chlorhexidine salts are antibacterial agents used for human and animal disinfection and have a wide range of antimicrobial activity, being effective against a variety of organisms as well as fungi and spores. It is used in hair products to maintain purity and as a preservative.

CITRIC ACID

This is a mild fruit acid commonly used in hair products for its ability to open the cuticle layer and allow deeper penetration of other products that are beneficial to the hair. It is often used in clarifying shampoos and deep conditioning treatments.

DIMETHICONE

This is silicone oil and is used in shampoos to make the hair shiny and slippery to resist tangles. It is also used widely in moisturizing lotions as a “skin protectant”.
EUGENOL

This compound is a member of the phenylpropanoids class of compounds and is a clear to pale-yellow liquid extracted from certain essential oils (especially from clove, nutmeg, cinnamon and bay leaf). It is soluble in water and organic solvents. It is used primarily for its fragrance and flavoring qualities, and is also used as a local antiseptic and anesthetic in medical applications.

It is possible to overdose on this compound, resulting in a range of symptoms, from blood in the urine, to convulsions, diarrhea, nausea, unconsciousness, dizziness or rapid heartbeat. It may also cause contact dermatitis with the skin.

GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE

This product is an emulsifier and dispersing agent, and also is classified as a pearlescent agent to keep otherwise opposing substances blended in an emulsion. It is also a humectant which absorbs moisture from the air to keep the hair and skin moistened. It can further be used as an emollient, lubricant, emulsifier and diluting agent in cosmetics.

GLYCOL DISTEARATE

Glycol distearate is a form of various alcohols containing two hydroxyl groups and is a common ingredient in shampoos and hair coloring agents as an emulsifier.

HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE

This nonionic polymer is water-soluble and is used as an emulsifier and a thickening agent.

LANOLIN

This substance is the sebaceous secretion of wool-bearing mammals such as sheep. It is chemically akin to wax and can be used as a skin ointment and water-proofing wax. It is used in some conditioners to coat and seal the hair against damage and excess water to prevent frizz.

LECITHIN

This is any of a group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, and in egg yolk. It acts as a surfactant in cosmetic chemistry.

LIMONENE

This hydrocarbon is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a strong citrus smell. It takes its name from the lemon - as the rind of the lemon and other citrus fruit contains a considerable amount of the substance. It is added to cleansers for fragrance and is used as a solvent.

METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE 

This compound is a preservative with antibacterial and antifungal effects and is effective against bacteria, yeast and fungi. It is used in many water-based cosmetics and hair care products.

METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE

This compound is another biocide used as a preservative and to control microbial growth in water-containing solutions.

METHYLPARABEN

This compound is widely used as a preservative for food, drugs and cosmetics as it has antifungal properties. Similar varieties are Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, and Butylparaben.

P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

This aromatic amine is also called paraphenylenediamine (or PPD) is used as a component of engineering polymers and composites, aramid fibers, hair dyes, rubber chemicals, textile dyes and pigments. PPD is selected because of its low toxicity, stability at high temperatures, high strength and resistance to chemicals and electricity.

PPD is found in almost every hair dye on the market regardless of brand. The darker the color of the product, the higher the concentration of PPD is likely to be. Even so-called natural and herbal hair colors contain PPD, even though they may be ammonia-free. The only natural dyes that do not contain PPD are body-art quality hennas and indigo.

The Center for Disease Control lists PPD as a contact allergen which can lead to throat irritation, bronchial asthma, and sensitization dermatitis.

PEG-2 OLEAMINE

This is a synthetic polymer made from oxirane (ethylene oxide) and amines derived from fatty acids. In most cosmetic preparations it acts as an emulsifier.

POLYQUATERNIUM-10

This quaternary ammonium compound absorbs well into proteinaceous surfaces, such as that of the hair. In shampoos and other products it can reduce static electricity and increase the body, suppleness and sheen of the hair.

RESORCINOL

This chemical compound is obtained on fusing many resins with potassium hydroxide and through distillation of Brazilwood extract. It is used to create diazo dyes, and is also used as an antiseptic and disinfectant, and in ointments as topical treatment of eczema.

SODIUM METABISULFITE 

This inorganic compound is used as a disinfectant, antioxidant and preservative.

PARP1 appears to be resveratrol's primary functional target 

Verbascoside has an antimicrobial activity,^[8] notably against Staphylococcus aureus.^[9] It can also have anti-inflammatoryproperties.^[7]

Although some in vitro genotoxicity of verbascoside has been reported on human lymphocytes with an involvement of PARP-1and p53 proteins,^[18] subsequent in vivo tests reported no genotoxicity for high dosage oral administration.^[19] It is a protein kinase C inhibitor.^[12]

Start Order

Click  to select products and contact the supplier.

GMP certified 5-HTP Garner seed extract Powder 99% HPLC

$30.00 - $190.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Pure Natural Maitake mushroom Extract Polysaccharides Powder

$13.50 - $67.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

sophora japonica L Sophoretin extract Meletin Powder 95%-98% Quercetin price

$45.50 - $75.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP factory supply valeric Acid 0.8% HPLC Valerian extract in bulk

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Nature Senna Leaf extract Powder with 20% Sennosides

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Valerian Root Extract Valeriana Officinalis Extract 0.8% Valerianic Acid

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Rutin Suppliers provide 95% Rutin powder CAS No. 153-18-4

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Green Tea Extract EGCG & catechins 10%-98% for weight lose

$5.50 - $196.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory Supply Giant Knotweed Root Extract 10%-98% Resveratrol

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Illicium verum Extract powder Shikimic Acid 5% 10% 50% 95% 99% by HPLC

$112.50 - $145.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

100% Natural ginkgo biloba extract with 24% Flavones, dried ginkgo biloba leaves

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory Supply Randy Beef Grass Extract 10-98% Icariin CAS No: 489-32-7

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality horny goat weed powder icariin 20% 40% 60% 80% 98%

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Best Quality Africa Mango Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract in bulk

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Anti-oxidation Organic ginger extract gingerols 20% powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality Curcumin Extract Curcumin Powder 95% Longvida Curcumin

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Orde Start Order

Click  to select products and contact the supplier.

Factory Supply Puerarin HPLC 98% Kudzu Root Powder CAS No.: 3681-99-0

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality 5% flavones passion flower extract powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Manufacturer Provide 10:1 bulk organic maca extract, peru maca powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality Organic Maca Root Extract 10:1 5:1, Maca P.E.

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Yohimbine P.E 98% Yohimbines HCL Powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Fight impotence Yohimbe Extract 98% yohimbine hcl Powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Manufacturer Provide milk thistle powder 80%, silybum marianum

$25.50 - $419.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

100% Natural milk thistle seed Extract with 80% Silymarin, milk thistle extract

$25.50 - $419.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Natural silybum marianum extract with 80% Silymarin by UV

$25.50 - $419.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

citrus aurantium peel extract Diosmin 90% with other ingredients

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Food & Beverage sugarless sweetener NHDC powder Citrus aurantium Extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality Citrus Aurantium Extract Synephrine Powder 98% methyl synephrine

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

garcinia cambogia extract manufacturers 50% 60% HCA powder, garcinia cambogia suppliers

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Pure Natural White Willow Bark Extract Salicin Powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Nature passion flower P.E. Powder with 4% flavones

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Nature Pomegranate P.E. Powder with 70% ellagic acid

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order) Start Order

Click  to select products and contact the supplier.

10%-50% Polysaccharides Shiitake Mushroom Extract Powder

$11.90 - $56.90/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

10%-50% Lentinan Shitake Mushroom P.e.,Shiitake Mushroom extract powder

$11.90 - $56.90/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Garcinia Cambogia Seed Extract Hydroxycitric Acid 50% 60%

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP supplier hot sale garcinia cambogia extract 75% garcinia cambogia hca

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Gymnema Sylvestre leaf extract Powder 25% 75%

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High Quality horsetail grass extract powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory supply red clover extract 40% Isoflavones

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality Raspberry Fruit P.E. Raspberry Ketone Powder 98% P-Hydroxyphenyl butanone

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory Supply Raspberry Ketone HPLC 98% Raspberry Extract powder CAS No.: 5471-51-2

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Weight Loss&Fat Burner Pure Natural Raspberry Extract Powder Raspberry Ketone lean

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Top Quality Gymnema Sylvestre Seed Extract 25% Gymnemic Acids

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Pure Gymnemic acid 25% and 75% Gymnema sylvestre extract powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP certified Curcumin Extract Curcumin Powder 95%

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Manufacturer Provide red raspberry extract 4% raspberry ketone

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Manufacturer Provide red clover extract powder 25% 40%, Trifolium pratense

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory supply Organic maca root extract powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

r) HomeRetail Size IngredientsVarious IngredientsSolvents

SOLVENTS

Since many ingredients are not or only poorly soluble in water, special solvents may be necessary to bring such ingredients into solution. Special solvents may also be necessary to disperse and wet pigments. Typical solvents for dissolving water-soluble ingredients include glycerin, propanediol 1,3 and propylene glycol.

Products [20]

Sort by:

Aloe Vera Palmitate

Aloe Vera Palmitate

 Butylene Glycol

Butylene Glycol

 C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate

 Ethoxydiglycol

Ethoxydiglycol

 Ethylhexyl Palmitate

Ethylhexyl Palmitate

 Glycerin, USP

Glycerin, USP

 Isododecane

Isododecane

 Isohexadecane

Isohexadecane

 IsoLanolin

IsoLanolin

 Isopropyl Myristate

Isopropyl Myristate

 Lavender Hydrosol

Lavender Hydrosol

 Liquid Minerals (Nigari)

Liquid Minerals (Nigari)

 Mineral Oil, USP

Mineral Oil, USP

 Neroli Hydrosol, USDA Certified Organic

Neroli Hydrosol, USDA Certified Organic

 Octyldodecanol

Octyldodecanol

 PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

 Pentylene Glycol BIO

Pentylene Glycol BIO

 Propanediol

Propanediol

 Propylene Glycol

Propylene Glycol

 Rose Hydrosol

Rose Hydrosol

Hot Sale Pure Natural Baicalin Powder 85%

$462.50 - $522.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

strengthening yang product 5%-98%, snowparsley extract, osthole cnidium Fructus Cnidii Extract for Men's

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory Provide Best Price Artemisinin

$164.50 - $193.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Luo Han Guo Extract 25% Mogroside V Luohanguo Extract Powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Icariin 20%-40% HPLC Epimedium sagittatum extract Horny goat weed barrenwort yin yang huo extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Plant Extract dogwood extract Loganin 20% Fructus Corni Extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Manufacture supply health care ingredient Diosgenin 98%

$25.00 - $55.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Berberis Juli-ande Schneid extract/Berberine hydrochloride/ Berberine Sulphate powder hydrochloride 98%

$45.00 - $95.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality immature bitter orange extract /Citrus Aurantium Extract synephrine\Diosmin\Hesperidin

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

100% Natural Bidens Tripartita Extract/Threelobe Beggarticks P.E.

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Sangherb Best Price Ubiquinone Q10,10% and 99% Co Q10

$112.00 - $285.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

100% Natural Purple Yam Extract Powder Diosgenin 95% Supplement China Supplier

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Free sample 100% pure natural Black Cohosh Extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP Factory supply natural Galla chinensis extract 90% ellagic acid Powder

$8.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Black Sesame Extract, Black Sesame Extract Powder, Black Sesame Extract Sesamin with Best Quality

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory Supply 10:1 20:1 1% DNJ mulberry leaf extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

acerola powder 17%/winter cherry powder/pure cherry powder

$4.50 - $55.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Best selling natural Blood Orange plant extract with high quality

$4.50 - $55.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Organic Water-soluble Tea Polyphenol Black Tea Extract Powder l theanine

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

men sex enhance yohimbe bark extract 98% Yohimbine HCL

$935.00 - $1,077.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP Standerd Natural tall oil palm extract powder fatty acid 25%

$22.50 - $67.20/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Best Quality Peppermint Extract Powder 4:1

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP factory supply Pine Bark Extract 95% Proanthocyanidins Pinus Massoniana Lamb powder

$30.00 - $55.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Wholesale Top Quality organic chlorella extract powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

100% natural wild yam extract diosgenin powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

horseradish tree leaf powder 10:1 made in china with best price

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Manufacture Ivy leaf extract/Hedera helix extract powder With 5%~10% Hederacoside C

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

2018 most popular pure silymarin milk thistle With Promotional Price

$26.00 - $420.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Stevia in bulk stevia powder extract from dried stevia leaf extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Cosmetic And Food Grade Snail Extract powder with reasonable price

$85.00 - $558.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP factory supply 100% natural milk thistle powder in bulk

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP certified Raspberry Extract Raspberry ketone Powder 98%

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality Fructus Hippophae P.E 20%Flavone Bulk Powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory Supply Troxerutin HPLC 95% Sophora Japonica Extract Powder CAS No.: 153-18-4

$5.50 - $82.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Natural Peanut Skin Extract Pure Luteolin powder, peanut shell extract

$279.00 - $349.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Rose hips extract /rosa canina Ruusunmarjat Pura, Rose Hips Extracto Hagebutten Extrakt Rose Hips Extrait

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality Citrus Sinensis Extract 98%, citrus aurantium extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Natural Haematococcus Pluvialis Extract Astaxanthin 10% Powder

$68.00 - $580.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory supply Stinging Nettle leaf & Root Extract powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP factory Pure Herbal Andrographis Paniculata Extract 98% Andrographolide

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Wholesale price Silicic Acid Horsetail Extract, Horsetail Grass Extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High Quality Natural Houttuynia Cordata Extract Powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory supply Marigold Extract 95% Lutein powder

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Natural Tagetes Erecta Flower Extract, Tagetes Erecta P.E.4:1-20:1

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Top Quality Yi Mu Cao Extract Factory Wholesale Motherwort Extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High quality Vaccinium uliginosu extract bilberry fruit P.E.extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Losing weight water-soluble wild africa mango seed extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP factory provide Weight Loss Product Apple Cider Vinegar Powder

$6.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

85% natural Scutellaria baicalensis Extract Baicalin

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

High Quality vitamin c/e fruit cherry acerola extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Hot selling yohimbe bark extract with 98% Yohimbe Extract Powder By HPLC

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

98% Natural Artemisia Annua leaf extract Artemisinin Powder

$180.00 - $250.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Natural 20% Sennoside senna leaf laxative Extract

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

98% Natural High Quality Chamomile Extract Apigenin Powder

$200.00 - $471.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Herbal extract Natural bitter melon extract ,Bitter Melon Charantin

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP factory provide pharmaceutical grade Phellodendron Bark extract 97% Berberine Hydrochloride

$45.00 - $95.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Organic Africa Devil's claw root 2%-5% Harpagosides With Promote Digest Function

$25.00 - $100.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Almond Extract Amygdalin 99% HPLC VB17/ pure natural Vitamin B17 powder

$290.00 - $300.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Factory supply Mangosteen Extract 10%-40% Mangostin

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Wholesale Valerian Dry root extract powder Valeric Acid 0.8%HPLC

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

GMP Factory Chlorella Extract Organic Taiwan Chlorella Powder By HPLC

$5.50 - $45.50/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)

Natural Resveratrol 98% Resveratrol Powder polygonum cuspidatum extract

$50.00 - $300.00/Kilogram

1 Kilogram(Min. Order)