Term
Definition
Clinical practice guidelines
Systemically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical circumstances
CMS
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Cost-effectiveness analysis
An analysis performed to measure the cost incurred in relationship to the benefit achieved and may be used to compare strategies that are expected to yield different outcomes
Cost–benefit analysis
A cost-effectiveness analysis in which all outcomes are expressed in monetary terms
Cost–consequence analysis
An analysis in which the components of costs and consequences of competing strategies are presented without aggregation of results
Cost-minimization analysis
An analysis performed to calculate the least expensive manner in which to treat a specific disorder
Cost–utility analysis
A cost-effectiveness analysis that varies the outcome to reflect patient preferences associated with each health state
Dominant strategy
A strategy that is both more effective and less expensive than a comparator
Costs
The resources required to provide a particular service that represent the foregone opportunity to provide another service
Effectiveness
Outcomes achieved in “real-life” settings using patients who may not have been represented in clinical trials, under varied management conditions
Efficacy
Outcomes achieved in research settings using idealized subjects under optimal conditions
GRADE
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation: framework to develop high-quality guidelines
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
ICER
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio: the additional cost incurred by providing an alternative strategy in order to achieve increased effectiveness
Metaanalysis
Quantitative approach for systematically assessing the results of previous research to arrive at conclusions about the body of research
Mobile health (mHealth)
The use of mobile electronic devices such as pagers, cell phones, smartphones, laptops, tablet/pad computers, and biosensors to collect, analyze, and/or deliver health information
NQF
National Quality Forum
PICO
Population; intervention; comparator; outcome: format to describe the clinical question to be answered by a guideline
QALY
Quality-adjusted life year
RCT
Randomized clinical trial
Systematic review
A process to examine a clearly formulated clinical management question using explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect and analyze data from included studies
Definition
Clinical practice guidelines
Systemically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical circumstances
CMS
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Cost-effectiveness analysis
An analysis performed to measure the cost incurred in relationship to the benefit achieved and may be used to compare strategies that are expected to yield different outcomes
Cost–benefit analysis
A cost-effectiveness analysis in which all outcomes are expressed in monetary terms
Cost–consequence analysis
An analysis in which the components of costs and consequences of competing strategies are presented without aggregation of results
Cost-minimization analysis
An analysis performed to calculate the least expensive manner in which to treat a specific disorder
Cost–utility analysis
A cost-effectiveness analysis that varies the outcome to reflect patient preferences associated with each health state
Dominant strategy
A strategy that is both more effective and less expensive than a comparator
Costs
The resources required to provide a particular service that represent the foregone opportunity to provide another service
Effectiveness
Outcomes achieved in “real-life” settings using patients who may not have been represented in clinical trials, under varied management conditions
Efficacy
Outcomes achieved in research settings using idealized subjects under optimal conditions
GRADE
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation: framework to develop high-quality guidelines
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
ICER
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio: the additional cost incurred by providing an alternative strategy in order to achieve increased effectiveness
Metaanalysis
Quantitative approach for systematically assessing the results of previous research to arrive at conclusions about the body of research
Mobile health (mHealth)
The use of mobile electronic devices such as pagers, cell phones, smartphones, laptops, tablet/pad computers, and biosensors to collect, analyze, and/or deliver health information
NQF
National Quality Forum
PICO
Population; intervention; comparator; outcome: format to describe the clinical question to be answered by a guideline
QALY
Quality-adjusted life year
RCT
Randomized clinical trial
Systematic review
A process to examine a clearly formulated clinical management question using explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect and analyze data from included studies
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