Milestones in renal transplantation

Year			Name & Achievement
600 BCE			Sushruta Wrote Sushruta Samhita Sanskrit text describing restorative surgery of ears and noses
1597		Gaspare Tagliacozzi Wrote De Curtorum Chirurgia per Insitionem (On the Surgery of Mutilation by Skin Grafting)
1700s		John Hunter “Father of experimental surgery,” performed experiments on bone, glands, and teeth grafting. Used cock’s comb as graft bed for it spurs. Did tooth transplants as “clinical” service
1902			Alexis Carrel Developed vascular surgery allowing transplantation of vascularized organs
1902			Emerich Ullman Performed an autotransplant of a dog’s kidney into the neck vessels
1902 Alfred von Decastello Performed dog-to-dog kidney transplant
1906			Mathieu Jaboulay Attempted the first human kidney transplant (donors pig and goat, transplanted to arm)
1909			Ernst Unger Performed two monkey-to-human kidney transplants
1937			Yu Yu Voronoy First human-to-human transplant
1930			Leo Loeb Skin grafts survival only in identical twins (mice)
1937			James Barrett Brown Skin grafts survive only in identical twins (humans)
1943			Peter Medawar Neonatal tolerance, rejection of an immune process
1940	Willem Kolff First successful hemodialysis machines
1953	Jean Hamburger First living-related renal transplant
1954	Joseph Murray First successful renal transplant (twins)
1955	Main and Prehn Radiation and bone marrow immunosuppression
1958	Jean Dausset Discovered the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system
1958	Robert Schwartz and  6-Mercaptopurine and Imuran as immunosuppressants William Dameshek
1963	Thomas Starzl Combination of Imuran and prednisone introduced
1966	Thomas Starzl Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) used clinically
1972	US Congress Amendment to Social Security Act established dialysis support as entitlement
1978	Roy Calne Cyclosporine used clinically in renal transplants
1980	Thomas Starzl Combined prednisone with cyclosporine improved efficacy and decreased toxicity
1984	US Congress National Transplant Act
1989	Thomas Starzl FK506 (tacrolimus) used in humans