Friday, January 26, 2018

The complexity of the endocrine system

 When  Best and Banting discovered Insulin









hope was  Diabetes will be cured!But Alas! our hopes were dashed because the endocrine system is so intermeshed with the Psycho, neuro, immune, systems.
 even without taking  those  things into the discussion the  hormones which affect the sugar  themselves are  many and  their actions  very complex and  sometimes  unpredictable


Hormones Synthesized and Secreted by Dedicated Endocrine Glands
Pituitary Gland
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Thyroid Gland
Tetraiodothyronine (T ; thyroxine)
Triiodothyronine (T )
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Glands
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Islets of Langerhans (Endocrine Pancreas)
Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Adrenal Gland
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)
Hormones Synthesized by Gonads
Ovaries
Estradiol-17β
Progesterone
Inhibin
Testes
Testosterone
Antimüllerian hormone (AMH)
Inhibin
Hormones Synthesized in Organs with a Primary Function Other Than Endocrine
Brain (Hypothalamus)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin)
Oxytocin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH)
Somatostatin
Dopamine
Brain (Pineal Gland)
Melatonin
Heart
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Kidney
Erythropoietin
Adipose Tissue
Leptin
Adiponectin
Stomach
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Ghrelin
Intestines
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP; gastrin inhibitory peptide)
Motilin
Liver
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I)
Hormones Produced to a Significant Degree by Peripheral Conversion
Lungs
Angiotensin II
Kidney
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
Adipose, Mammary Glands, Other Organs
Estradiol-17β
Liver, Sebaceous Gland, Other Organs
Testosterone
Genital Skin, Prostate, Other Organs
5-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Many Organs
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