Automation in clinical laboratories Most medical laboratory scientists are thankful that many of the boring repetitive test in the clinical laboratory have now been automated in one or the other form if die routine tests not completely automated some form of semi- automation is used, such as the use of diluters, automatic pipettes and burettes, dispensers, mixers, shakers etc. has a two-fold 1. It increases the speed of investigation ; and 2. increases the accuracy and precision of the estimation when compared With the conventional manual method. Automation can be of two different forms
(a) Continuous flow system
b)) Discrete analysis.
(a) Continuous flow system Here, the Autoanalyser uses a combination of modules where a sequence of standard and test samples are 'picked up' in a stream of fluids moved along a tube by a peristaltic pump, appropriate stages With a series of reagents, then passed through the various modules and finally analysed colorimetrically. To separate the samples in the moving stream and to assure that, cross contamination does not occur between samples, a non—wettable plastic tube is used into which air bubbles are introduced at regular intervals, the air segments being large enough to completely fill the lumen of the tube. Any autoanalyser will consist of following modules
sampler,
proportioning (peristaltic) pump.
dialyser for removal of protein,
constant temperature heating bath,
colorimeter,
recorder.
(b) Discreet (discontinuous) system In these systems, each sample is processed separately and reactions take place in an individual tube. Basically, the units in a discrete analyser are ; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. the preparation unit, centrifuge, incubator, automatic colorimeter and primer, automatic pipettes and dispensers. The samples and reagents are dispensed 06 removed by means of 5th unit, the manipulations or preparations stages being processed on a continuous tute— transport system, very much like a belt on a cater—pillar tractor. While they are on top of the belt, the tubes are upright and contain the test materials, as they move to the end, they tilt forward, pouring out their contents into the next stage and then pass along the bottom of the bclt in an inverted position during a washing cycle. At timed intervals, the tubes advance one position, as clean tubes come to the upright position, samples and reagents are added, incubation, colour
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD1W4Ak01b4
(a) Continuous flow system
b)) Discrete analysis.
(a) Continuous flow system Here, the Autoanalyser uses a combination of modules where a sequence of standard and test samples are 'picked up' in a stream of fluids moved along a tube by a peristaltic pump, appropriate stages With a series of reagents, then passed through the various modules and finally analysed colorimetrically. To separate the samples in the moving stream and to assure that, cross contamination does not occur between samples, a non—wettable plastic tube is used into which air bubbles are introduced at regular intervals, the air segments being large enough to completely fill the lumen of the tube. Any autoanalyser will consist of following modules
sampler,
proportioning (peristaltic) pump.
dialyser for removal of protein,
constant temperature heating bath,
colorimeter,
recorder.
(b) Discreet (discontinuous) system In these systems, each sample is processed separately and reactions take place in an individual tube. Basically, the units in a discrete analyser are ; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. the preparation unit, centrifuge, incubator, automatic colorimeter and primer, automatic pipettes and dispensers. The samples and reagents are dispensed 06 removed by means of 5th unit, the manipulations or preparations stages being processed on a continuous tute— transport system, very much like a belt on a cater—pillar tractor. While they are on top of the belt, the tubes are upright and contain the test materials, as they move to the end, they tilt forward, pouring out their contents into the next stage and then pass along the bottom of the bclt in an inverted position during a washing cycle. At timed intervals, the tubes advance one position, as clean tubes come to the upright position, samples and reagents are added, incubation, colour
FULLY AUTOMATED ANALYSER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD1W4Ak01b4
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