This Dirty Secret Keeps Doctors from Doing Their Job

Excellent article on the sad state of medicine in USA

Medical Abbreviations "D":

Sortable table
Abbreviation	Meaning
DS	diagnosis
D5	5% dextrose
D25	25% dextrose injections
D4T	stavudine
D5W	5% dextrose in water - IV fluids for intravenous therapy
d	day(s)
DA	dopamine
DAEC	diffusely adherent Escherichia coli
DAF	decay accelerating factor
DAI	diffuse axonal injury
DALY	disability-adjusted life year
DAPT	dual anti-platelet therapy
DBP	diastolic blood pressure
DBS	deep brain stimulation
D&C	dilatation and curettage
D/C	discharge discontinue
DCBE	double contrast barium enema
DCD	donation after cardiac death
DCCV	direct current cardioversion
DCIS	ductal carcinoma in situ
DCM	dilated cardiomyopathy
DD	differential diagnosis
DDAVP	desmopressin acetate
DDC	zalcitabine
DDD	daily defined doses Degenerative disk disease
DDH	developmental hip dysplasia
DDI	didanosine
DDx	differential diagnosis
D&E	dilatation and evacuation
DES	diethylstilbestrol Drug-Eluting stent
DEXA	Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
DH	developmental history Department of Health (United Kingdom), a branch of government
DHE	dihydroergotamine
DHEA-S	dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
DHF	decompensated heart failure
DHR	dihydrorhodamine
DHT	dihydrotestosterone
DHT	Dobhoff Tube
DI	diabetes insipidus
DIB	dead in bed difficulty in breathing
DIC	disseminated intravascular coagulation
DICVP	Diplomat, International College of Veterinary Pharmacy
Di-Di	dichromatic diamnionic twins
DIL	drug-induced lupus
DILI	drug-induced liver injury
DIP	distal interphalangeal joint or Diffuse Interstitial Pneumonitis
DiPerTe	diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (combined vaccination)
Dis	dislocation
Disch	discharge
DiTe	diphtheria-tetanus (combined vaccination)
DIU	death in utero (stillbirth)
DJD	degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis)
DKA	diabetic ketoacidosis
dl	deciliter
dL	deciliter
DLB	dementia with Lewy bodies
DLCO	diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
DLE	disseminated lupus erythematosus (systemic lupus erythematosus)
DLI	donor lymphocyte infusion
DLP	dyslipoproteinemia [1]
DM	diabetes mellitus, Dermatomyositis
DM2	Type two diabetes mellitus, formerly known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM).
DMARD	disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
DMD	Duchenne muscular dystrophy; Dentariae Medicinae Doctor, that is, Doctor of Dental Medicine
DMPA	depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
DMSA	dimercaptosuccinic acid
DMT	dimethyltryptamine
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DNACPR	do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation
DNI	do not intubate
DNR	do not resuscitate
DNAR	do not attempt resuscitation
DO	Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
D/O	died of, disorder
DOA	dead on arrival drugs of abuse
DOB	difficulty of breathing Date of birth
DOE	dyspnea on exertion
DOH	Department of Health
DOL	day of life
DOS	date of service
DOSS	docusate sodium; from the chemical name dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
DP	dorsalis pedis
DPH	diphenylhydantoin
DPL	diagnostic peritoneal lavage
DPLD	diffuse parenchymal lung disease
DPM	Doctor of Podiatric Medicine
DPT	diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT vaccine)
DRE	Digital Rectal Examination
DRPLA	Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian Atrophy
DRT	dead right there
DS	disease Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
DSA	digital subtraction angiography Donor specific antibody
DSD	dry sterile dressing
Dsg	dressing
DSM	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
dsRNA	double-stranded RNA
DT	diphtheria-tetanus (combined vaccination) delirium tremens
D/T	due to
DTA	descending thoracic aorta
DTaP	diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis (combined vaccination)
DTP	diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (combined vaccination)
DTR	deep tendon reflex
DTs	delirium tremens
DU	duodenal ulcer (see peptic ulcer)
DUB	dysfunctional uterine bleeding
DVT	deep vein thrombosis
DW	dextrose in water
D5W	5% dextrose in water
DX Dx dx	diagnosis
DZ	disease

Medical Abbreviations "c"

Sortable table
Abbreviation		Meaning
Bx		biopsy
Ba		barium
BAC		blood alcohol content
BAD		Bipolar affective disorder
BAL		bronchoalveolar lavage British anti-Lewisite blood alcohol level
BAO		basic acid output
BAT		brown adipose tissue
BAV		bicuspid aortic valve
BBA		bilateral breast augmentation
BBB		blood–brain barrier
BBB L		left bundle branch block
BBB R		right bundle branch block
BBT		basal body temperature
BC		bone conduction blood culture
BCC		basal cell carcinoma blind carbon copy
BCG		bacille Calmette–Guérin (a tuberculosis vaccination)
BCP		birth control pill
BCP		Blood chemistry profile
BCX BCx		blood culture
BDR		Background Diabetic Retinopathy
BBMF		"bone break, me fix" (orthopedic consent form)
BD		bipolar disorder twice a day (from Latin bis in die)
BDD		body dysmorphic disorder
BDI		Beck Depression Inventory
BE		barium enema base excess
BEP		bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (chemotherapy regimen)
BFP		bundle forming pilus
BG		blood glucose
BGAT		blood glucose awareness training (to help patients with diabetic hypoglycemia)
BGL		blood glucose level
BIB		brought in by
BIBA		brought in by ambulance
BID bid b.i.d.		twice a day (from Latin bis in die)
Bilat eq		bilaterally equal
BiPAP		bilevel positive airway pressure
BIS		Bispectral index
BiVAD		bilateral ventricular assist device (left and right)
BK		bradykinin
BKA		below-the-knee amputation
b/l		bilateral
BL		Burkitt's lymphoma
bl.cult		blood culture
bld		blood
BLE		Bilateral Lower Extremity (in/on both legs).
BLS		basic life support
BM		bone marrow bowel movement breast milk
BMBx		Bone marrow biopsy
BMC		bone mineral content
BMD		bone mineral density (also termed bone mass measurement)
BMI		body mass index
BMP		basic metabolic panel
BMR		basal metabolic rate
BMT		bone marrow transplantation
BNO		bowel not open
BNP		brain natriuretic peptide
BO		bowel open
B/O		because of
BOA		born out of asepsis
BOI		born on island (i.e., a local patient)
BOM		bilateral otitis media
BOOP		bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
BP		blood pressure bipolar disorder British Pharmacopoeia
BPAD		bipolar affective disorder
BPCA		best pharmaceuticals for children act
BPD		biparietal diameter borderline personality disorder bronchopulmonary dysplasia
BPH		benign prostatic hyperplasia aka benign prostatic hypertrophy
BPM		beats per minute
BPP		biophysical profile
BPPV		benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
BR		bedrest bathroom
BRA		bilateral renal agenesis
BRAT		The BRAT diet: bananas, rice, applesauce, toast (helps digestion in some GI disorders)
BRATY		another version of the BRAT diet: bananas, rice, applesauce, toast, yogurt (helps digestion in some GI disorders)
BRB		bright red blood (color is important as an indicator of source, for example in gastrointestinal bleeding)
BRBPR		bright red blood per rectum
BRCA1 (gene) BRCA1 (protein)		breast cancer 1 (a human gene and its protein)
BRCA2 (gene) BRCA2 (protein)		breast cancer 2 (a human gene and its protein)
BRP		bathroom privileges
BRTO		Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration
BRVO		Branch retinal vein occlusion
BS		breath breath sound bowel sounds on auscultation with stethoscope blood sugar
BS x 4 quads		bowel signs in all 4 quadrants (also sometimes BS + all 4 quads)
BSx		B-symptoms
BSA		body surface area bovine serum albumin
BSC		bedside commode
BSE		bovine spongiform encephalopathy breast self-examination
BSL		blood sugar level
BSO		bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
BSP		bromsulphthalein
BSU		Bartholin, Skene and urethra (glands)
BT		bleeding time brachytherapy
BTB		breakthrough bleeding of menstrual period
BTL		bilateral tubal ligation
BTP		breakthrough pain
BUN		blood urea nitrogen
BV		bacterial vaginosis
BVM		bag valve mask (Ambu bag)
BVP		biventricular pacing (see artificial pacemaker) bleomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin (chemotherapy regimen)
BW		blood work (blood tests) birth weight
Bx		biopsy
BZDs		benzodiazepines
Sortable table
Abbreviation	Meaning
c	(c with a bar over it) with (from Latin cum) means with
C	cytosine cervical vertebrae
C1	atlas – first cervical vertebra of the spine
C2	axis – second cervical vertebra of the spine
CA	carcinoma cancer
Ca	calcium carcinoma cancer
CAA	coronary artery aneurysm
c/b	complicated by
CABG	coronary artery bypass graft surgery (pronounced "cabbage")
CABP	coronary artery bypass procedure
CAD	coronary artery disease
CADASIL	cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
CAG	coronary artery graft coronary angiography
CAGE	cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye opener (screening for alcoholism)
CAGS	coronary artery graft surgery
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAH	chronic active hepatitis congenital adrenal hyperplasia
CALLA	common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen
CAM	cell adhesion molecule complementary and alternative medicine
CAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAP	community-acquired pneumonia
CAPD	continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CAO	conscious, alert, and oriented (no altered level of consciousness)
CaOx	calcium oxalate
Caps	capsule
CAT / CT	computed axial tomography / computed tomography
Cath	catheter
CBA	cost–benefit analysis (of treatment methods)
CBC	complete blood count
CBC/DIFF	complete blood count/differential
CBD	common bile duct
CBE	clinical breast examination
CBF	cerebral blood flow
CBS	chronic brain syndrome
CC cc	cubic centimeter (use mL instead—see the list of abbreviations used in prescriptions) chief complaint cardiac catheter carbon copy
CCA	clear cell adenocarcinoma
CCB	calcium channel blocker
CCCU	critical coronary care unit
CCE C/C/E	clubbing, cyanosis, and edema (general signs of cardiovascular disease)
CCG	Clinical commissioning group
CCF	congestive cardiac failure
CCK	cholecystokinin
CCK-PZ	cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
CCNS	cell cycle–nonspecific [drug] (a type of drug used in chemotherapy)
CCOC	clear cell odontogenic carcinoma
CCOT	calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (formerly called calcifying odontogenic cyst)
CCP	cyclic citrullinated peptide
CCR	cardiocerebral resuscitation
CCU	coronary care unit critical care unit
CD	Crohn's disease chemical dependency cluster of differentiation controlled delivery
CDAD	Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDH	congenital dislocated hip
CDI	central diabetes insipidus Clostridium difficile infection cool, dry, intact (when referring to incision/surgical sites)
CDMR	caesarean delivery on maternal request
CDP	cytosine diphosphate
CDR	cutaneous drug reaction
CEA	carcinoembryonic antigen carotid endarterectomy cost-effectiveness analysis
CEIOL	cataract extraction with intraocular lens placement
CF	cystic fibrosis
CFA	complement-fixing antibody colonization factor antigen
CFIDS	chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome
CFR	case fatality rate
CFS	chronic fatigue syndrome
CFT	complement fixation test capillary filling time
CFTR	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
CFU	colony-forming unit
CGD	chronic granulomatous disease
CGI	Clinical Global Impression (including subscales such as CGI-BP, CGI-C, CGI-E, CGI-I, CGI-S)
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CGN	chronic glomerulonephritis
CH	congenital hypothyroidism
CHD	chronic heart disease congenital heart defect coronary heart disease
ChE	cholinesterase
CHEM-7	a group of blood tests, commonly called a basic metabolic panel (blood urea nitrogen, carbon dioxide, creatinine, glucose, serum chloride, serum potassium, serum sodium)
CHEM-20	a group of blood tests (albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, calcium – serum, serum chloride, carbon dioxide, creatinine, direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glucose test, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus – serum, potassium test, serum sodium, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein, uric acid)
CHE	cholinesterase
CHF	congestive heart failure
CHO	carbohydrate
CHOP	cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (a.k.a. hydroxydaunorubicin), vincristine(a.k.a. Oncovin), prednisone (chemotherapy regimen)
Chol	cholesterol
CHS	cannulated hip screw
CHT	congenital hypothyroidism
CI	confidence interval cardiac index
CIB	cibus (food)
CICU	cardiac intensive care unit
CIDP	chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
CIMF	chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis
CIN	cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
CINV	Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Circ	circumcision circulation
CIS	carcinoma in situ
CIVI	continuous intravenous infusion
CIWA	Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol
CJD	Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
CK	creatine kinase (formerly CPK)
CKD	chronic kidney disease
CKMB	MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase
Cl	chlorine clearance
CLARE	contact lens acute red eye
CLL	chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CLN	cervical lymph node
CLND	cervical lymph node dissection complete lymph node dissection
CLP	cleft lip and palate
CLS	capillary leak syndrome
CM	Chirurgiae Magister, Master of Surgery (British and Commonwealth countries medical degree)
CM	Caucasian male
CMD	cystic medial degeneration
CME	continuing medical education
CML	chronic myelogenous leukemia, also called chronic myeloid leukaemia
CMML	chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
CMO	comfort measures only (palliative care or hospice)
CMP	complete metabolic profile (a blood panel) cytosine monophosphate
CMS	Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services chronic mountain sickness
CMT	cervical motion tenderness
CMV	cytomegalovirus
CN	cranial nerves
CNS	central nervous system Clinical nurse specialist Crigler-Najjar syndrome
CNVM	Choroidal Neovascular Membranes
C/O or c/o	complains of...
CO	cardiac output carbon monoxide complains of...
COAD	chronic obstructive airways disease
COCP	combined oral contraceptive pill
COH	controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
COLD	chronic obstructive lung disease
Comp	compound
Conj	conjunctiva
COP	cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CO2	carbon dioxide
COX-1	cyclooxygenase 1
COX-2	cyclooxygenase 2
COX-3	cyclooxygenase 3
CP	cerebral palsy chest pain constrictive pericarditis
CPAP	continuous positive airway pressure
CPC	clinical–pathological conference
CPCR	cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation, a version of CPR
CPD	cephalopelvic disproportion
CPE	Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin cardiogenic pulmonary edema
CPG	clinical practice guideline
CPK	creatine phosphokinase
CPKMB	creatine phosphokinase heart
CPP	cerebral perfusion pressure
CPPD	calcium pyrophosphate cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort[1] (premenstrual syndrome)
CPR	cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CPT	Current Procedural Terminology
CR	complete remission (complete response) controlled release
Cr	creatinine
CRC	colorectal cancer
CrCl	creatinine clearance (Note: Looks similar to, but does not mean, the chromium chlorides—CrCl2, CrCl3, CrCl4)
CRD	chronic renal disease circadian rhythm disorder
CRE	carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Creat	creatinine
CREST	calcinosis, Raynaud esophagus, sclerosis, teleangiectasiae
CRF	chronic renal failure corticotropin-releasing factor
CrGN	crescentic glomerulonephritis
CRH	corticotropin-releasing hormone
CRI	chronic renal insufficiency
Crike	Cricothyrotomy
CRISPR	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
Crit	hematocrit
CRL	crown-rump length
CRNA	certified registered nurse anesthetist
CRO	contract research organization
CRP	C-reactive protein
CRPC	castration-resistant prostate cancer
CRPS	complex regional pain syndrome
CRRT	continuous renal replacement therapy
CRS	congenital rubella syndrome
CRSD	circadian rhythm sleep disorder
CRT	cardiac resynchronization therapy (artificial pacemaker) chemoradiotherapy conformal radiotherapy (irradiated zone conforms to boundaries) cathode ray tube capillary refill time central retinal thickness Certified Respiratory Therapist
CRTx	chemoradiotherapy
CS	caesarean section compartment syndrome culture sensitivity Churg-Strauss syndrome
C/S	Caesarean section
C&S	culture and sensitivity (antibiogram)
CsA	cyclosporin A
CSA	Controlled Substances Act
C-section	cesarean section
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid colony-stimulating factor
CSME	clinically significant macular edema
CSOM	chronic suppurative otitis media
CSPC	community specialist palliative care
C-spine	cervical spine
CSR	cumulative survival rate
C-SSRS	Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale
CSU	catheter specimen of urine
CST	contraction stress test
CT	computed tomography cervicothoracic
CTA	clear to auscultation computed tomography angiography
CTAP	CT during arterial portography
CTCAE	Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
CTD	connective tissue disease
CTE	chronic traumatic encephalopathy coefficient of thermal expansion
CTO	chronic total occlusion Community Treatment Order (psychiatric term for forced drugging outside hospital context)
CTP	cytosine triphosphate cytidine triphosphate Child-Turcotte-Pugh score clear to percussion
CTPA	computed tomographic pulmonary angiography
CTPE	CT scan for pulmonary embolii
CTR	carpal tunnel release
CTS	computed tomography scan Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
CTU	cancer treatment unit
CTx	chemotherapy
CTX	ceftriaxone (a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic) contractions chemotherapy
CTZ	Chemoreceptor trigger zone
CUC	chronic ulcerative colitis
CV	cardiovascular
CVA	cerebrovascular accident costovertebral angle
CVAD	central venous access device
CVAT	costovertebral angle tenderness
CVC	central venous catheter chronic venous congestion
CVD	cardiovascular disease
CVI	cerebrovascular incident
CVL	central venous line
CVP	central venous pressure
CVS	chorionic villus sampling cardiovascular system
CVID	common variable immunodeficiency
c/w	consistent with
CWP	coal worker's pneumoconiosis
Cx	microbiological culture
Cx	cervix
CXR	chest x-ray (chest radiograph)