5-HIAA 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid
AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm
ACC American College of Cardiology
ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACS Acute coronary syndrome
ACUITY Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy
ADMIRAL Abciximab Before Direct Angioplasty and Stenting in Myocardial Infarction Regarding
Acute and Long-Term Follow-up
AF Atrial fibrillation
AFFIRM Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm
AHA American Heart Association
AMI Acute myocardial infarction
ANP Atrial natriuretic peptides
Ao Aorta
AR Aortic regurgitation
ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker
ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome
AS Aortic stenosis
ASA Aminosalicylic acid
ASD Atrial septal defect
AV Aortic valve
AVA Aortic valve area
AVNRT Atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia
AVR Aortic valve replacement
AVRT Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia
BARI Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation
BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 2—Diabetes
BENESTENT Belgium Netherlands Stent Study Group
BID Twice daily
BIV-ICD Biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator
BMI Body mass index
BNP Brain natriuretic peptide
BP Blood pressure
bpm Beats per minute
BSA Body surface area
CABG Coronary artery bypass graft/Coronary artery bypass grafting
CAD Coronary artery disease
CARE-HF Cardiac Resynchronization in Heart Failure
CASS Coronary Artery Surgery Study
CBC Complete blood count
CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society
CCU Critical care unit
CHF Congestive heart failure
CK Creatine kinase
CK-MB Creatine kinase myocardial fraction
CNS Central nervous system
CO Cardiac output
xi
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COMPANION Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COURAGE Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation
CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CREDO Clopidogrel For Reduction of Events During Observation
CRP C-reactive protein
CRT Cardiac resynchronization therapy
CS Coronary sinus
CT Computed tomography
CURE Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events
CV Cardiovascular
CVA Cerebrovascular accident
DANAMI Danish Multicenter Randomized Study on Fibrinolytic Therapy Versus Acute Coronary
Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction
DC Direct current
DES Drug-eluting stent
DINAMIT Defibrillator in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial
DM Diabetes mellitus
DOE Dyspnea on exertion
E/A E:A wave ratio
EBCT Electron beam computed tomography
ECG Electrocardiographic/Electrocardiogram/Electrocardiography
ECSS European Cooperative Surgery Study
ED Emergency department/Emergency room
EECP Enhanced external counterpulsation
EF Ejection fraction
EOA Effective orifice area
EP Electrophysiology
ERASER Evaluation of ReoPro and Stenting to Eliminate Restenosis
ET-A Endothelin-A
ET-B Endothelin-B
FA Femoral artery
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FDG Fluorodeoxyglucose
FFV Forward flow volume
FMD Fibromuscular dysplasia
FREEDOM Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes
GISSI Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardico
GUSTO-I Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded
Coronary Artery
Hgb Hemoglobin
HCM Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy/Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide
HDL High-density lipoprotein
HIT Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
HR Heart rate
HRA High right atrium
HTN Hypertension
ICD Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
ICH Intracerebral hemorrhage
xii
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ICU Intensive care unit
IE Infective endocarditis
INR International normalization ratio
ISHLT International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
IU International
NTG Nitroglycerine
NYHA New York Heart Association
OM Obtuse marginal
PA Pulmonary artery
PABV Percutaneous aortic balloon valvulotomy
PAF Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
PAH Pulmonary artery hypertension
PAI-1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
PAP Pulmonary artery pressure
PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention
PCWP Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
PET Positron emission tomography
PFO Patent foramen ovale
PMBV Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy
PTCA Percutaneous transluminal coronary balloon angioplasty/Percutaneous transluminal
coronary angioplasty
PVC Premature ventricular contraction
QTc Corrected QT interval
RA Right atrium
RAO Right anterior oblique
RCA Right coronary artery
REACT Rescue Angioplasty Versus Conservative Treatment or Repeat Thrombolysis
REM Rapid eye movement sleep
RF Regurgitant fraction
RV Right ventricle/Right ventricular
RVOT Right ventricular outflow tract
RVSP Right ventricular systolic pressure
SCD-HeFT Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial
SEM Systolic ejection murmur
SEP Systolic ejection period
SHOCK Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock
SIRIUS Sirolimus-coated stent in treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions
SISR Sirolimus Eluting Stents Versus Vascular Brachy Therapy for In-Stent Restenosis
SL NTG Sublingual nitroglycerine
SR Sarcoplasmic reticulum
STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction
SV Stroke volume
SVC Superior vena cava
SVT Supraventricular Tachycardia
TD CO Thermodilution cardiac output
TEE Transesophageal echocardiogram/Transesophageal echocardiography
TGA Transposition of the great arteries
TICM Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
TID Three times daily
TIMI Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction
TMET Treadmill exercise test
TnI Troponin I
TnT Troponin T
tPA Tissue plasminogen activator
TR Tricuspid regurgitation
TTE Transthoracic echocardiogram/Transthoracic echocardiography
xiv
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TTP Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TV Total volume
TVI Time-velocity integral
TVR Tricuspid valve replacement
US Ultrasound
VA Veterans Administration
VANQWISH Veterans Affairs Non-Q-Wave Infarction Strategies in Hospital
VF Ventricular fibrillation
VLDL Very low-density lipoprotein
VSD Ventricular septal defect
VT Ventricular tachycardia
vWF von Willebrand factor
WBC White blood cell count
XRT Radiation therapy
AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm
ACC American College of Cardiology
ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACS Acute coronary syndrome
ACUITY Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy
ADMIRAL Abciximab Before Direct Angioplasty and Stenting in Myocardial Infarction Regarding
Acute and Long-Term Follow-up
AF Atrial fibrillation
AFFIRM Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm
AHA American Heart Association
AMI Acute myocardial infarction
ANP Atrial natriuretic peptides
Ao Aorta
AR Aortic regurgitation
ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker
ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome
AS Aortic stenosis
ASA Aminosalicylic acid
ASD Atrial septal defect
AV Aortic valve
AVA Aortic valve area
AVNRT Atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia
AVR Aortic valve replacement
AVRT Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia
BARI Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation
BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 2—Diabetes
BENESTENT Belgium Netherlands Stent Study Group
BID Twice daily
BIV-ICD Biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator
BMI Body mass index
BNP Brain natriuretic peptide
BP Blood pressure
bpm Beats per minute
BSA Body surface area
CABG Coronary artery bypass graft/Coronary artery bypass grafting
CAD Coronary artery disease
CARE-HF Cardiac Resynchronization in Heart Failure
CASS Coronary Artery Surgery Study
CBC Complete blood count
CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society
CCU Critical care unit
CHF Congestive heart failure
CK Creatine kinase
CK-MB Creatine kinase myocardial fraction
CNS Central nervous system
CO Cardiac output
xi
Lloyds-FM.qxd 29/10/2007 9:50 PM Page xi
COMPANION Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COURAGE Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation
CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CREDO Clopidogrel For Reduction of Events During Observation
CRP C-reactive protein
CRT Cardiac resynchronization therapy
CS Coronary sinus
CT Computed tomography
CURE Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events
CV Cardiovascular
CVA Cerebrovascular accident
DANAMI Danish Multicenter Randomized Study on Fibrinolytic Therapy Versus Acute Coronary
Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction
DC Direct current
DES Drug-eluting stent
DINAMIT Defibrillator in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial
DM Diabetes mellitus
DOE Dyspnea on exertion
E/A E:A wave ratio
EBCT Electron beam computed tomography
ECG Electrocardiographic/Electrocardiogram/Electrocardiography
ECSS European Cooperative Surgery Study
ED Emergency department/Emergency room
EECP Enhanced external counterpulsation
EF Ejection fraction
EOA Effective orifice area
EP Electrophysiology
ERASER Evaluation of ReoPro and Stenting to Eliminate Restenosis
ET-A Endothelin-A
ET-B Endothelin-B
FA Femoral artery
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FDG Fluorodeoxyglucose
FFV Forward flow volume
FMD Fibromuscular dysplasia
FREEDOM Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes
GISSI Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardico
GUSTO-I Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded
Coronary Artery
Hgb Hemoglobin
HCM Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy/Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide
HDL High-density lipoprotein
HIT Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
HR Heart rate
HRA High right atrium
HTN Hypertension
ICD Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
ICH Intracerebral hemorrhage
xii
Lloyds-FM.qxd 29/10/2007 9:50 PM Page xii
ICU Intensive care unit
IE Infective endocarditis
INR International normalization ratio
ISHLT International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
IU International
NTG Nitroglycerine
NYHA New York Heart Association
OM Obtuse marginal
PA Pulmonary artery
PABV Percutaneous aortic balloon valvulotomy
PAF Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
PAH Pulmonary artery hypertension
PAI-1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
PAP Pulmonary artery pressure
PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention
PCWP Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
PET Positron emission tomography
PFO Patent foramen ovale
PMBV Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy
PTCA Percutaneous transluminal coronary balloon angioplasty/Percutaneous transluminal
coronary angioplasty
PVC Premature ventricular contraction
QTc Corrected QT interval
RA Right atrium
RAO Right anterior oblique
RCA Right coronary artery
REACT Rescue Angioplasty Versus Conservative Treatment or Repeat Thrombolysis
REM Rapid eye movement sleep
RF Regurgitant fraction
RV Right ventricle/Right ventricular
RVOT Right ventricular outflow tract
RVSP Right ventricular systolic pressure
SCD-HeFT Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial
SEM Systolic ejection murmur
SEP Systolic ejection period
SHOCK Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock
SIRIUS Sirolimus-coated stent in treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions
SISR Sirolimus Eluting Stents Versus Vascular Brachy Therapy for In-Stent Restenosis
SL NTG Sublingual nitroglycerine
SR Sarcoplasmic reticulum
STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction
SV Stroke volume
SVC Superior vena cava
SVT Supraventricular Tachycardia
TD CO Thermodilution cardiac output
TEE Transesophageal echocardiogram/Transesophageal echocardiography
TGA Transposition of the great arteries
TICM Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
TID Three times daily
TIMI Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction
TMET Treadmill exercise test
TnI Troponin I
TnT Troponin T
tPA Tissue plasminogen activator
TR Tricuspid regurgitation
TTE Transthoracic echocardiogram/Transthoracic echocardiography
xiv
Lloyds-FM.qxd 29/10/2007 9:50 PM Page xiv
TTP Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TV Total volume
TVI Time-velocity integral
TVR Tricuspid valve replacement
US Ultrasound
VA Veterans Administration
VANQWISH Veterans Affairs Non-Q-Wave Infarction Strategies in Hospital
VF Ventricular fibrillation
VLDL Very low-density lipoprotein
VSD Ventricular septal defect
VT Ventricular tachycardia
vWF von Willebrand factor
WBC White blood cell count
XRT Radiation therapy
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