The use of embryonic, fetal, and neonatal myocyte allografts are and
could remain hampered by the ethical dilemma of using
fetal and neonatal tissues for medical purposes.
People who have no moral or ethical problem Bombing and killing hundreds of humans by using high altitude Bombing and Stealth drones somehow have a great problem using tissues from an unborn fetus /embryo . it is really funny !
A single IVF embryo voluntarily donated by couple who have completed their reproductive needs ( these excess embryos, would go waste and are destroyed otherwise) and be used to produce many more embryos by dividing them in the early stages before a complete Morula formation
Furthermore, the potential need for a large number of cells to repair an average-size scar in an adult human heart renders this approach rather cumbersome. Not really one can multiply theses cells manyfolds by culturing them in a lab under proper conditions.
Potential Sources of Muscle Cells
A. Allogeneic sources
1. Human embryonic stem cells
2. Allogeneic fetal or neonatal cardiac myocytes
B. Transgeneic sources
1. Neonatal cardiac myocytes
2. Fetal cardiac myocytes
C. Autogeneic sources
1. Skeletal muscle precursors
2. Fibroblasts
3. Mesenchymal cells
4. Adult heart cells
5. Induction of cell division of cardiac myocytes
Two ES cell-lines–HES-1 and HES-2–from human blastocysts were passaged up to the 45th and 25th generations, respectively. The pluripotency of these cells was shown by the formation of human germ-cell derivatives in SCID mice. These cells have been shown to differentiate in vitro into nerve cells without using any specific agent or transgene.
It is also theoretically possible to prepare a patient’s own ES cells, which can be used for direct autotransplantation. For example, a differentiated somatic cell of a patient can be introduced into an enucleated human or animal oocyte, a process known as nuclear transfer [19]. The fused product is then exposed to an electrical pulse that stimulates the production of ES cells. These cells, which carry the patient’s own genome, can then be used for organ repair. The production of pluripotent ES cells from a human source will have tremendous potential in treating a variety of incurable diseases. In addition to being used to treat heart failure and Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases, these cells will be a powerful tool in developing drugs for gene therapy, and for the study of early human embryogenesis.
Many independent groups successfully transplanted fetal and neonatal cardiac myocyte suspensions directly into the myocardium [27–29]. Those studies used allogeneic or xenogeneic donors, including one study in which human fetal cardiomyocytes were grafted into rats [28]. Grafted fetal and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were reported to have the ability to form mature grafts in syngeneic heart, acutely injured myocardium, and granulation tissue in the heart [30]. Currently fetal cardiac myocytes have proved to be the most rewarding source for cell transplantation because of their ability to integrate into the recipient myocardium both structurally and functionally. The first published study of improved hemodynamics after cell transplantation into diseased myocardium used fetal cardiac myocytes [29].
could remain hampered by the ethical dilemma of using
fetal and neonatal tissues for medical purposes.
People who have no moral or ethical problem Bombing and killing hundreds of humans by using high altitude Bombing and Stealth drones somehow have a great problem using tissues from an unborn fetus /embryo . it is really funny !
A single IVF embryo voluntarily donated by couple who have completed their reproductive needs ( these excess embryos, would go waste and are destroyed otherwise) and be used to produce many more embryos by dividing them in the early stages before a complete Morula formation
Furthermore, the potential need for a large number of cells to repair an average-size scar in an adult human heart renders this approach rather cumbersome. Not really one can multiply theses cells manyfolds by culturing them in a lab under proper conditions.
Potential Sources of Muscle Cells
A. Allogeneic sources
1. Human embryonic stem cells
2. Allogeneic fetal or neonatal cardiac myocytes
B. Transgeneic sources
1. Neonatal cardiac myocytes
2. Fetal cardiac myocytes
C. Autogeneic sources
1. Skeletal muscle precursors
2. Fibroblasts
3. Mesenchymal cells
4. Adult heart cells
5. Induction of cell division of cardiac myocytes
Two ES cell-lines–HES-1 and HES-2–from human blastocysts were passaged up to the 45th and 25th generations, respectively. The pluripotency of these cells was shown by the formation of human germ-cell derivatives in SCID mice. These cells have been shown to differentiate in vitro into nerve cells without using any specific agent or transgene.
It is also theoretically possible to prepare a patient’s own ES cells, which can be used for direct autotransplantation. For example, a differentiated somatic cell of a patient can be introduced into an enucleated human or animal oocyte, a process known as nuclear transfer [19]. The fused product is then exposed to an electrical pulse that stimulates the production of ES cells. These cells, which carry the patient’s own genome, can then be used for organ repair. The production of pluripotent ES cells from a human source will have tremendous potential in treating a variety of incurable diseases. In addition to being used to treat heart failure and Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases, these cells will be a powerful tool in developing drugs for gene therapy, and for the study of early human embryogenesis.
Many independent groups successfully transplanted fetal and neonatal cardiac myocyte suspensions directly into the myocardium [27–29]. Those studies used allogeneic or xenogeneic donors, including one study in which human fetal cardiomyocytes were grafted into rats [28]. Grafted fetal and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were reported to have the ability to form mature grafts in syngeneic heart, acutely injured myocardium, and granulation tissue in the heart [30]. Currently fetal cardiac myocytes have proved to be the most rewarding source for cell transplantation because of their ability to integrate into the recipient myocardium both structurally and functionally. The first published study of improved hemodynamics after cell transplantation into diseased myocardium used fetal cardiac myocytes [29].
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