Selecting the Right Thread Size

Selecting the Right Thread Size
Item # X-HT-300088
Have you ever wondered what the letters in thread sizes stood for?

Or why some threads are sized differently? The thread size tells you the thickness of a thread. Getting the proper thickness affects the strength, diameter, sewing machine used, and visibility.
 It’s an important decision.

 We’re going to decode thread sizes and show you what each one means and how they compare with one another.

 When you go to compare the size of two different threads, you’ll want to make sure you’re comparing apples to apples.

There are many different methods of measuring thread size, and different countries and industries use different units of measure.

Learn about thread sizes with Sailrite
4 Common Thread Sizing Systems
Weight (Wt):
Weight is measured by a fixed weight system. It is determined by measuring the length of 1 gram of thread. If 1 gram is 30 meters long, for example, then it is 30 Weight thread. The higher the weight, the finer the thread.

Tex (T):
Tex is the most consistent of the measuring methods. It uses a fixed length to measure the weight of a thread. Tex is the weight (in grams) of 1,000 meters of thread. Or, in other words, 1,000 meters of thread that weighs 1 gm. = 1 Tex. The higher the tex, the thicker the thread.

Denier Count (Td or d):
Denier also measures thread at a fixed length. It is the weight (in grams) of 9,000 meters (or 9 km) of thread. You might recognize the term from descriptions of nylon fabrics, which are often classified by the denier of the threads from which they are woven.

Commercial Sizes (V):
Commercial sizes are used for heavy-duty threads for sewing heavy upholstery, canvas or webbing. Commercial sizes are set sizes of 30, 46, 69, 92, 138, 207, 277, 346, 415 and 554. They are the thread’s denier divided by 10. Commercial sizes are standard for marine grade thread (you’ll see commercial sizes on the Sailrite website for our outdoor thread). Here’s a little table that shows how the different sizing methods compare:

COMMERCIAL TEX DENIER WEIGHT
V-30 30 300 33
V-46 45 460 22
V-69 70 690 14
V-92 90 920 11
V-138 135 1380 7
6 Quick Tips about Thread Size
V-69 is the heaviest commercial size recommended for home sewing machines.
Heavier threads make your stitching more visible.
The thread size measures the thread’s thickness. If another weight is given for thread (like ounces), it refers to the amount of thread on the spool.
Thread tends to get stronger as it gets heavier.
The tension on your sewing machine will need adjusting when you switch thread weights.
Try to use a needle where the eye is 40% larger than the thickness of the thread.
As an additional reference, one of our customers, Sue L., sent in a Thread Size Cross Reference Chart that she put together to assist her with her work in the textile industry. It includes thread sizes and also tensile strength, weight, and diameter. Download her chart here! Thanks for sharing this with all of us, Sue. Great information!


from https://www.sailrite.com/Selecting-the-Right-Thread-Size

The genie is out of the bottle with genome editing.

 The Chineses are taking over the world!

SCIENCE09.11.2019 05:14 PM
Chinese Scientists Try to Cure One Man's HIV With Crispr
For the first time, a patient got treated for HIV and cancer at the same time, with an infusion of gene-edited stem cells. The results? Mixed.

HIV invades human immune cells using a protein known as CCR5, which acts like a door to let the virus in. Without it, the virus can't spread and reproduce.

Imagine you’re 27 years old and you start feeling ill. Ill enough that you go to the hospital, and after much poking and prodding and waiting for lab results you learn you’re HIV positive. Two weeks later you find out that’s not even the worst of it. You’ve got leukemia too.

Under any circumstances it would be a lot to take in. Especially in China, where HIV/AIDS is highly stigmatized. But for one young man living there, who this happened to in the late spring of 2016, there was one small but significant silver lining to this double whammy of a diagnosis. He would be eligible to participate in the first-ever clinical trial to assess the safety of trying to cure both the cancer and the infection in a single procedure using the gene-editing tool called Crispr.

In July of 2017, doctors in Beijing blasted the patient with chemicals and radiation to wipe out his bone marrow, making space for millions of stem cells they then pumped into his body through an IV. These new stem cells, donated by a healthy fellow countryman, would replace the patient’s unhealthy ones, hopefully resolving his cancer. But unlike any other routine bone marrow transplant, this time researchers edited those stem cells with Crispr to cripple a gene called CCR5, without which HIV can’t infiltrate immune cells.

Now, more than two years later, the patient is in good health, his cancer in full remission, as researchers report today in the New England Journal of Medicine. The edited stem cells survived and are still keeping his body supplied with all the necessary blood and immune cells, and a small percentage of them continue to carry the protective CCR5 mutation. Not enough to have cured him of HIV, though—he remains infected and on antiretroviral drugs to keep the virus in check. Still, experts say the new case study shows this use of Crispr appears to be safe in humans and moves the field one step closer toward creating drug-free HIV treatments.

“The safety profile appears to be acceptable,” pioneering cancer researcher Carl June wrote in an accompanying editorial, noting that the editing appeared to be precise, and that the engineered stem cells didn’t provoke an immune response in the patient. June did offer a caveat that the study’s single patient offered only limited data to draw on.

LEARN MORE



The WIRED Guide to Crispr

What he found more striking was how quickly the science has moved from the first reports of using Crispr to treat HIV infection in mice to trying it in humans: only two years. At the University of Pennsylvania, June has led work in a groundbreaking cancer treatment called CAR-T, which involves genetically reprogramming immune cells into a clone army of tumor-targeting assassins. But it took him five years to go from studies in animals to trials involving humans. In this case, China’s more permissive biomedical research regulations might have expedited the work, or it could be that genetic engineering is lending new momentum to the race for an HIV/AIDS cure, he wrote. “In any case, the genie is out of the bottle with genome editing.”

Story of Dronedarone (Multaq) Another instance of version 2.0 Sucks

CONCLUSION — Dronedarone (Multaq) is less effective than amiodarone for treatment of patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation, is apparently dangerous in those with permanent atrial fibrillation, and generally has an incidence of serious adverse effects that seems to be higher than previous reports suggested.

Safety of Dronedarone (Multaq)Sanifi Aventis


Cordarone Pfizer 

Another instance of version 2.0 Sucks

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2011 Dec 12;53(1379):103-4
Dronedarone (Multaq – Sanofi), an analog of amiodarone, was approved by the FDA in 2009 for oral treatment of paroxysmal or persistent (non-permanent) atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.1 Amiodarone (Cordarone, and others) is more effective for this indication,2 but its use is often limited by its adverse effects, including thyroid and pulmonary toxicity.

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRONEDARONE — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and rash can occur with dronedarone, but unlike amiodarone, significant thyroid or ocular toxicity has not been reported to date. Photosensitivity has been reported, but not the blue-gray skin discoloration associated with amiodarone. Both amiodarone and dronedarone have the potential to interact with many other drugs taken concomitantly.

After an earlier trial was terminated prematurely because of a significant increase in mortality in dronedarone-treated patients, the drug was contraindicated for use in patients with NYHA Class IV heart failure or NYHA Class II-III heart failure with recent decompensation. Dronedarone suppresses sinus node activity and atrioventricular (AV) conduction and is therefore also contraindicated in patients with second- or third-degree AV block or sick sinus syndrome (unless used in conjunction with a pacemaker), and in those with bradycardia (<50 beats="" minute="" p="">
NEW WARNINGS — In January 2011, the FDA warned that use of dronedarone had been associated with severe liver injury and hepatic failure, including two cases that required liver transplantation.3

Six months later, the FDA notified healthcare professionals that a large clinical trial, which has recently been published, in patients with permanent (>6 months) atrial fibrillation (not an FDA-approved use of the drug) was terminated prematurely because, compared to placebo, the risks of stroke (23 vs. 10), hospitalization for heart failure (43 vs. 24) and death from cardiovascular causes (21 vs. 10) were higher in those treated with dronedarone.4,5

CONCLUSION — Dronedarone (Multaq) is less effective than amiodarone for treatment of patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation, is apparently dangerous in those with permanent atrial fibrillation, and generally has an incidence of serious adverse effects that seems to be higher than previous reports suggested

one more goof from Deccan chronicle

Police admits MSF students did not waive Pakistani flags

Sadanand Dhume article in Atlantic Camcha of American Right wing

 The American right wing including Trump seem to have many Chamchas among the Indian diaspora.

One of them  is Sadanand Dhume who wrote an article  in The Atlantic  yet an  other  right  wing  Mouth piece
This guy is a resident  scholar at American Enterprise unit a  right wing think tank.
It is funny to see a right winger  calling  another  a right winger in a derogatory fashion.

The same  guys who hate  every Muslim and  islam  suddenly are concerned  about the  democracy in Kashmir.

A lame excuse what happened to informed consent ?

GAYA: 

A patient admitted to a hospital has alleged that a surgeon instead of performing a ''Hydrocele'' surgery performed a surgery on his right leg on Tuesday.

Hydrocele surgery is a procedure to repair a hydrocele, which is a buildup of fluid around a testicle.

This incident has occurred at Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital (ANMMCH).

Bhuneshwar Yadav, a resident of Punakala village claimed that he had come for Hydrocele surgery, but without any prior notice, a surgeon operated his leg and also inserted a rod in it.

"Keeping in view the swelling on the patients'' leg, the doctor must have performed the leg surgery on priority," Vijay Krishna Prasad, Superintendent (ANMMCH) backing his hospital's doctor said. 

COMMENT

He also said that proper investigation will be conducted into this matter

what happened to informed  consent ?

The dead body journalism

 Telangana man forced to carry daughter's dead body as hospital refuses ambulance India Today • 3 days ago

 Every now and then  we have such headlines blaming Hospital administration for not providing transportation using an ambulance for transfering dead patients to their  residence.
Why can 't  one of the innumerable NGO's take up this problem and provide subsidised  hearse services.
for some reason suddenly a dead person becomes  a great burden what with superstition  and  exploitation of the situation by Taxi/auto drivers.
Why blame the Hospital Administration for this ?
when we can not have  adequate  ambulance service  for the  living sick and  injured  do you expect  them to provide transportation to the  dead?