Examples of Data Systems Designed for the Early Detection of Potentially Acute Public Health Diseases or Conditions
GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. GeoSentinel is a worldwide communication and data collection network for the surveillance
of travel-related illnesses that may occur among immigrants, refugees, and persons who travel for business or pleasure. Co-sponsored by the International Society of Travel Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it consists of 48 medical clinics on six continents that specialize in travel or tropical medicine. Anonymous surveillance data based on information obtained during clinic visits with patients are contributed to a shared database. It has been used to examine and control internationally important infectious diseases such as malaria and rabies, as well as environmental hazards and injuries.
Source: GeoSentinel: The Global Surveillance Network of the ISTM and CDC. http://www.istm.org/geosentinel/main.html.
Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN). GPHIN is an Internet-based early warning system designed to track and disseminate information about various issues of public health relevance such as infectious disease outbreaks; natural disasters; bioterrorism and exposure to toxic chemicals; and the safety of drugs, medical devices, and other health products. The GPHIN data system was developed and operates under the auspices of the Public Health Agency of Canada. Information is based on monitoring and collecting data from global media sources such as news wires and websites. The system uses an automated process to filter and information prior to analysis by agency staff. Information can be used as an early warning system for outbreaks and other
events and to track events nationally or internationally; this system has the capability to send automated e-mail messages about potential adverse events. GPHIN is designed to complement other public health surveillance activities.
Source: Public Health Agency of Canada, Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN). http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/media/nr-rp/2004/
2004_gphin-rmispbk-eng.php.
National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). State health departments use a variety of different electronic systems to collect public health data for surveillance purposes. Examples include systems for specific diseases such as HIV, outbreak management, and reporting of certain laboratory values. A major challenge is integrating state electronic surveillance systems such that data can be transferred securely from healthcare providers to state health departments. Electronic information system products exist that
were developed by commercial vendors, the CDC or state health departments themselves. NEDSS is a Web-based system that uses standardized health information technology codes to integrate data from these different systems. Interoperability of data systems—that is, the ability to transmit data between computer systems—is essential to improve their efficiency and quality.
Sources: CDC, NEDSS: National Electronic Disease Surveillance System. http://www.cdc.gov/NEDSS/; and Reference 15.
Electronic Surveillance System Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE). ESSENCE is a surveillance system designed and run by the U.S. Department of Defense for early recognition of disease outbreaks. It is available for health departments
and has been adopted by the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia health departments for the greater Washington, DC, metropolitan area to identify potential bioterrorism or other acute health events (e.g., surveillance related to the spread of West Nile Virus encephalitis). ESSENCE essentially conducts “surveillance” of other data systems, which include a variety of systems such as physician outpatient records, community over-the-counter drug sales, school absentee reporting, nurse advice records, emergency departments, and other data sources. ESSENCE is an example of using a database for syndromic surveillance; that is, it attempts to identify data based on nonspecific symptoms (e.g., fever, headache, bronchitis) that may indicate the start of a more serious health problem.
GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. GeoSentinel is a worldwide communication and data collection network for the surveillance
of travel-related illnesses that may occur among immigrants, refugees, and persons who travel for business or pleasure. Co-sponsored by the International Society of Travel Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it consists of 48 medical clinics on six continents that specialize in travel or tropical medicine. Anonymous surveillance data based on information obtained during clinic visits with patients are contributed to a shared database. It has been used to examine and control internationally important infectious diseases such as malaria and rabies, as well as environmental hazards and injuries.
Source: GeoSentinel: The Global Surveillance Network of the ISTM and CDC. http://www.istm.org/geosentinel/main.html.
Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN). GPHIN is an Internet-based early warning system designed to track and disseminate information about various issues of public health relevance such as infectious disease outbreaks; natural disasters; bioterrorism and exposure to toxic chemicals; and the safety of drugs, medical devices, and other health products. The GPHIN data system was developed and operates under the auspices of the Public Health Agency of Canada. Information is based on monitoring and collecting data from global media sources such as news wires and websites. The system uses an automated process to filter and information prior to analysis by agency staff. Information can be used as an early warning system for outbreaks and other
events and to track events nationally or internationally; this system has the capability to send automated e-mail messages about potential adverse events. GPHIN is designed to complement other public health surveillance activities.
Source: Public Health Agency of Canada, Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN). http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/media/nr-rp/2004/
2004_gphin-rmispbk-eng.php.
National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). State health departments use a variety of different electronic systems to collect public health data for surveillance purposes. Examples include systems for specific diseases such as HIV, outbreak management, and reporting of certain laboratory values. A major challenge is integrating state electronic surveillance systems such that data can be transferred securely from healthcare providers to state health departments. Electronic information system products exist that
were developed by commercial vendors, the CDC or state health departments themselves. NEDSS is a Web-based system that uses standardized health information technology codes to integrate data from these different systems. Interoperability of data systems—that is, the ability to transmit data between computer systems—is essential to improve their efficiency and quality.
Sources: CDC, NEDSS: National Electronic Disease Surveillance System. http://www.cdc.gov/NEDSS/; and Reference 15.
Electronic Surveillance System Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE). ESSENCE is a surveillance system designed and run by the U.S. Department of Defense for early recognition of disease outbreaks. It is available for health departments
and has been adopted by the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia health departments for the greater Washington, DC, metropolitan area to identify potential bioterrorism or other acute health events (e.g., surveillance related to the spread of West Nile Virus encephalitis). ESSENCE essentially conducts “surveillance” of other data systems, which include a variety of systems such as physician outpatient records, community over-the-counter drug sales, school absentee reporting, nurse advice records, emergency departments, and other data sources. ESSENCE is an example of using a database for syndromic surveillance; that is, it attempts to identify data based on nonspecific symptoms (e.g., fever, headache, bronchitis) that may indicate the start of a more serious health problem.
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